分类
按形式分
单个介词 合成介词 分词介词 短语介词
按词义分
地点介词 方向介词 时间介词 方式介词 涉及介词 目的介词 原因介词 比较介词 伴随介词
作用
-
作定语:在介词之前有个被修饰的名词,翻译为“的”
a meeting in the morning
the road to success -
作状语,没有被修饰的名词,即通常所说的介词短语作地点状语,介词短语作方式状语,介词短语作原因状语
As a teacher, she is responsible for her students. -
作表语(be动词 / 感官动词 后)
The waiter is in a good mood. -
作补语(对宾语的补充说明)
He worked as a consultant
含义
借个图来理解下常用介词含义
辨析
1. in / on / at
表时间
in:表示在一段时间里;在将来时表示在一段时间之后
on:表示具体某一天
He was born on the morning of May 10th
at:表示某个时刻 / 瞬间
I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning
表地点
in:在某个范围之内
on:在某个平面上或与一个面相接触
His glasses are right on his nose
at:表示在某个具体的场所或地点
He is at the cinema at the moment
2. after / in
-
after + 具体时刻 / 从句 在…时刻之后,一般时态
He said that he would be here after 6:00 -
in + 一段时间 在(多久)之后,将来时态
My father is coming back from England in about a month.
**3. since / for **
-
since + 具体时刻 从…起一直到现在
Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970 -
for + 一段时间 长达…之久
Uncle Li has worked in this factory for 30 years.
4. by / in / with
- by:搭乘交通工具;以…方式;被动句执行者
Let’s go to the zoo by taxi. - in:使用某语言/文字
Answer my question in English. - with:使用某工具/手段
We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.
5. through / across / over
- through:穿过…(门洞 / 人群 / 树林,内部穿过)
The visitors went through a big gate into another park. - across / over:表示跨越(街道 / 河流)时,可互换
表示翻过…(墙 / 山)只能用over
There is a bridge across / over the river
The climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.
6. as / like
- as:作为…专业、职务、身份、作用等事实
Let me speak to you as a father(作为父亲,事实确实是自己的父亲) - like:像…一样,只表面像,非事实
Let me speak to you like a father(像父亲一样,事实并不是自己的父亲)
7. at the end of / by the end of / to the end / in the end
- at the end of…:既可表时间"…末",也可表地点"…尽头";常用过去时
At the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.
They left for Beijing at the end of last week. - by the end of…: 表"(时间)…末";常用完成时
By the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows. - in the end / at last:基本等义,表"终于,最后";常用过去时
In the end he succeeded in the final exams. - to the end: “到…为止(到…的终点)”
We should go on with the work to the end.
8. for a moment / for the moment / in a moment / at the moment
- for a moment:“一会儿,片刻”=for a while,常与持续性动词连用
Please wait for a moment. 等一会儿 - for the moment:“暂时,目前”=at present,常用现在时
Let’s leave things as they are for the moment. - in a moment:“一会儿,立即,马上”=soon;in a few minutes,用将来时
I’ll come back in a moment. - at the moment:“此刻,眼下”=now,用现在进行时
I am very busy at the moment(now).
9. in front of / in the front of
- in front of:在…前面(外部的前方)
A car was parking in front of the hall. - in the front of:在…的前部(内部的前方)
In the front of the hall stood a big desk (桌子在大厅内部靠前位置)
10. except / besides
- except:除了(真不包含)
Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom (中间不包含Tom) - besides:除了(包含其中)
Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除汉语但不止局限于汉语)