Poi入门

导入pom依赖

       <!--poi依赖-->
        <!--xls(03)-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
            <version>3.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--xlsx(07)-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
            <version>3.9</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--日期格式化工具-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
            <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
            <version>2.10.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

写操作

public class ExcelWriteTest {
    private final String PATH = "C:\\develop\\dev_code\\code_myStudy\\SpringBoot_study\\excel";

    /**
     * 文件后缀：xls
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void testWrite03() throws IOException {
        //创建excel工作薄
        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        //在工作薄中创建工资表sheet
        //Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("直播观众统计");
        //创建行,第一行row1
        Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
        //创建单元格 col1-1
        Cell cell11 = row1.createCell(0);
        cell11.setCellValue("今日新增关注");
        //创建单元格 col1-2
        Cell cell12 = row1.createCell(1);
        cell12.setCellValue(999);

        Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);
        Cell cell21 = row2.createCell(0);
        cell21.setCellValue("统计时间");
        Cell cell22 = row2.createCell(1);
        cell22.setCellValue(new DateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));

        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "观众统计表03.xls");
        workbook.write(out);
        out.close();
        System.out.println("文件生成成功！");
    }

    /**
     * 文件后缀：xlsx
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void testWrite07() throws IOException {
        //创建excel工作薄
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        //在工作薄中创建工资表sheet
        //Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("直播观众统计");
        //创建行,第一行row1
        Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
        //创建单元格 col1-1
        Cell cell11 = row1.createCell(0);
        cell11.setCellValue("今日新增关注");
        //创建单元格 col1-2
        Cell cell12 = row1.createCell(1);
        cell12.setCellValue(999);

        Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);
        Cell cell21 = row2.createCell(0);
        cell21.setCellValue("统计时间");
        Cell cell22 = row2.createCell(1);
        cell22.setCellValue(new DateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));

        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "观众统计表07.xlsx");
        workbook.write(out);
        out.close();
        System.out.println("文件生成成功！");
    }
}

在指定位置生成excel文件

大文件写HSSF03

缺点：最多只能处理65536行，否则抛出异常
优点：过程中写入缓存，不操作磁盘，最后一次性写入磁盘，速度快

    /**
     * 03大数据测试
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void testWrite03BigData() throws IOException {
        long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();

        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("大数据测试");

        for (int rowNum = 0; rowNum < 65536; rowNum++) {
            Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
            for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {
                Cell cell = row.createCell(cellNum);
                cell.setCellValue(cellNum);
            }
        }

        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "bigdata03.xls");
        workbook.write(out);
        out.close();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((double) (end - begin) / 1000);
    }

可以看到excel正常生成了，如果将65536改为比他大的值就会报错。

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid row number (65536) outside allowable range (0..65535)

大文件写XSSF07

缺点：写数据时速度非常慢，非常耗内存，也会发生内存溢出，如100万条
优点：可以写较大的数据量，如20万条

    @Test
    public void testWrite07BigData() throws IOException {
        long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
        //支持较大的数据量
        for (int rowNum = 0; rowNum < 100000; rowNum++) {
            Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
            for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {//创建单元格
                Cell cell = row.createCell(cellNum);
                cell.setCellValue(cellNum);
            }
        }
        System.out.println("done");
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "bigdata07.xlsx");
        workbook.write(out);
        out.close();
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((double) (end - begin) / 1000);
    }

所用时间：20.253s

大文件写SXSSF

优点：可以写非常大的数据量，如100万条甚至更多条，写数据速度快，占用更少的内存

    @Test
    public void testWrite07BigDataFast() throws IOException {
        long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //Sxssf写
        Workbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
        for (int rowNum = 0; rowNum < 100000; rowNum++) {
            Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
            for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {//创建单元格
                Cell cell = row.createCell(cellNum);
                cell.setCellValue(cellNum);
            }
        }
        System.out.println("done");
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(PATH+"bigdata07-fast.xlsx");
        workbook.write(out);
        out.close();
        ((SXSSFWorkbook)workbook).dispose();
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((double)(end - begin)/1000);
    }

所用时间：3.492s

读操作

HSSF读文件

    private final String PATH = "C:\\develop\\dev_code\\code_myStudy\\SpringBoot_study\\excel";

    @Test
    public void testRead03() throws Exception {
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(PATH+"观众统计表03.xls");

        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(is);
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);

        //读取第一行第一列
        Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
        Cell cell = row.getCell(0);

        System.out.println(cell.getStringCellValue());
        is.close();
    }

XSSF读文件

    @Test
    public void testRead07() throws Exception {
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(PATH+"观众统计表07.xlsx");

        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(is);
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
        //读取第一行第一列
        Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
        Cell cell = row.getCell(0);

        System.out.println(cell.getStringCellValue());
        is.close();
    }

读取不同的数据类型

    /**
     * 读取不同的数据类型处理
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testCellType() throws Exception {

        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(PATH+"会员消费商品明细表.xls");
        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(is);
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);

        // 读取标题所有内容
        Row rowTitle = sheet.getRow(0);
        // 行不为空
        if (rowTitle != null) {
            // 读取cell
            int cellCount = rowTitle.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
            for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < cellCount; cellNum++) {
                Cell cell = rowTitle.getCell(cellNum);
                if (cell != null) {
                    int cellType = cell.getCellType();
                    String cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
                    System.out.print(cellValue + "|");
                }
            }
            System.out.println();
        }

        // 读取商品列表数据
        int rowCount = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();
        for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum < rowCount; rowNum++) {

            Row rowData = sheet.getRow(rowNum);
            if (rowData != null) {// 行不为空

                // 读取cell
                int cellCount = rowTitle.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
                for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < cellCount; cellNum++) {

                    System.out.print("【" + (rowNum + 1) + "-" + (cellNum + 1) + "】");

                    Cell cell = rowData.getCell(cellNum);
                    if (cell != null) {

                        int cellType = cell.getCellType();

                        //判断单元格数据类型
                        String cellValue = "";
                        switch (cellType) {
                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING://字符串
                                System.out.print("【STRING】");
                                cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
                                break;

                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN://布尔
                                System.out.print("【BOOLEAN】");
                                cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
                                break;

                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK://空
                                System.out.print("【BLANK】");
                                break;

                            case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
                                System.out.print("【NUMERIC】");
                                //cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());

                                if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {//日期
                                    System.out.print("【日期】");
                                    Date date = cell.getDateCellValue();
                                    cellValue = new DateTime(date).toString("yyyy-MM-dd");
                                } else {
                                    // 不是日期格式，则防止当数字过长时以科学计数法显示
                                    System.out.print("【转换成字符串】");
                                    cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                    cellValue = cell.toString();
                                }
                                break;

                            case Cell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
                                System.out.print("【数据类型错误】");
                                break;
                        }

                        System.out.println(cellValue);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        is.close();
    }

计算公式

    /**
     * 计算公式
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testFormula() throws Exception{

        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(PATH + "计算公式.xls");

        Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(is);
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);

        // 读取第五行第一列
        Row row = sheet.getRow(4);
        Cell cell = row.getCell(0);

        //公式计算器
        FormulaEvaluator formulaEvaluator = new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) workbook);

        // 输出单元内容
        int cellType = cell.getCellType();
        switch (cellType) {
            case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA://2

                //得到公式
                String formula = cell.getCellFormula();
                System.out.println(formula);

                CellValue evaluate = formulaEvaluator.evaluate(cell);
                //String cellValue = String.valueOf(evaluate.getNumberValue());
                String cellValue = evaluate.formatAsString();
                System.out.println(cellValue);

                break;
        }
    }