文章目录
Stream
1、Stream的创建
1、通过集合创建流
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
// 创建一个顺序流
Stream<String> stream = list.stream();
// 创建一个并行流
Stream<String> parallelStream = list.parallelStream();
2、通过数组创建流
int[] array={1,3,5,6,8};
IntStream stream = Arrays.stream(array);
3、Stream的静态方法 of()、iterate()、generate()
Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
Stream<Integer> stream2 = Stream.iterate(0, (x) -> x + 3).limit(4);
stream2.forEach(System.out::println);
//输出结果:0 3 6 9
Stream<Double> stream3 = Stream.generate(Math::random).limit(3);
stream3.forEach(System.out::println);
//输出结果:0.6796156909271994 0.1914314208854283 0.8116932592396652
2、Stream的使用
案例使用的员工类
@Data
public class Person {
private String name; // 姓名
private int salary; // 薪资
private int age; // 年龄
private String sex; //性别
private String area; // 地区
public Person(String name, int salary, String sex, String area) {
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
this.sex = sex;
this.area = area;
}
}
private List<Person> getData(){
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, "female", "New York"));
return personList;
}
2.1、遍历/匹配(foreach/find/match)
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 3, 8, 2, 1);
// 遍历输出符合条件的元素 输出结果:7,8,9
list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).forEach(System.out::println);
// 匹配第一个
Optional<Integer> findFirst = list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).findFirst();
// 匹配任意(适用于并行流)
// 只要在任何片段发现了第一个匹配元素就会结束整个运算
Optional<Integer> findAny = list.parallelStream().filter(x -> x > 6).findAny();
// 是否包含符合特定条件的元素
boolean anyMatch = list.stream().anyMatch(x -> x > 6);
System.out.println("匹配第一个值:" + findFirst.get());//输出结果:7
System.out.println("匹配任意一个值:" + findAny.get());//输出结果:7
System.out.println("是否存在大于6的值:" + anyMatch);//输出结果:true
2.2 、 筛选(filter)
// 筛选出集合中大于三小于8的元素
Integer[] arr = new Integer[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
Arrays.stream(arr).filter(x -> x > 3 && x < 8).forEach(System.out::println);
//输出结果 4,5,6,7
//筛选员工中工资高于8000的人
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
List<String> fiterList = personList.stream().filter(x -> x.getSalary() > 8000).map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.print("薪资高于8000美元的员工:" + fiterList);
2.3、聚合(max/min/count)
获取
String
集合中最长的元素
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("adnm", "admmt", "pot", "xbangd", "weoujgsd");
Optional<String> max = list.stream().max(Comparator.comparing(String::length));
System.out.println("最长的字符串:" + max.get());
//输出结果:最长的字符串:weoujgsd
获取
Integer
集合中的最大值
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 4, 11, 6);
// 自然排序
Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().max(Integer::compareTo);
// 自定义排序(从大到小排序)
Optional<Integer> max2 = list.stream().max((o1, o2) -> o2 - o1);
System.out.println("自然排序的最大值:" + max.get());
//输出结果:自然排序的最大值:11
System.out.println("自定义排序的最大值:" + max2.get());
//输出结果:自定义排序的最大值:4
获取员工薪资最高的人
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
int salary = personList.stream().max(Comparator.comparingInt(Person::getSalary)).get().getSalary();
System.out.println("员工薪资最大值:" + salary);
//输出结果:员工薪资最大值:9500
计算
Integer
集合中大于6的元素的个数
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 4, 8, 2, 11, 9);
long count = list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).count();
System.out.println("list中大于6的元素个数:" + count);
//输出结果:list中大于6的元素个数:4
2.4 映射(map/flatMap)
映射,可以将一个流的元素按照一定的映射规则映射到另一个流中。分为map
和flatMap
:
map
:接收一个函数作为参数,该函数会被应用到每个元素上,并将其映射成一个新的元素flatMap
:接收一个函数作为参数,将流中的每个值都换成另一个流,然后把所有流连接成一个流
英文字符串数组的元素全部改为大写。整数数组每个元素+3
String[] strArr = { "abcd", "bcdd", "defde", "fTr" };
List<String> strList = Arrays.stream(strArr).map(String::toUpperCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11);
List<Integer> intListNew = intList.stream().map(x -> x + 3).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("每个元素大写:" + strList);
//输出结果:每个元素大写:[ABCD, BCDD, DEFDE, FTR]
System.out.println("每个元素+3:" + intListNew);
//输出结果:每个元素+3:[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14]
将员工的薪资全部增加10000
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
// 不改变原来员工集合的方式
List<Person> personListNew = personList.stream().map(person -> {
Person personNew = new Person(person.getName(), 0, 0, null, null);
personNew.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000);
return personNew;
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("一次改动前:" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personList.get(0).getSalary());
System.out.println("一次改动后:" + personListNew.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());
// 改变原来员工集合的方式
List<Person> personListNew2 = personList.stream().map(person -> {
person.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000);
return person;
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("二次改动前:" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());
System.out.println("二次改动后:" + personListNew2.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());
输出结果:
一次改动前:Tom–>8900
一次改动后:Tom–>18900
二次改动前:Tom–>18900
二次改动后:Tom–>18900
将两个字符数组合并成一个新的字符数组
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("m,k,l,a", "1,3,5,7");
List<String> listNew = list.stream().flatMap(s -> {
// 将每个元素转换成一个stream
String[] split = s.split(",");
Stream<String> s2 = Arrays.stream(split);
return s2;
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("处理前的集合:" + list);
//输出结果:处理前的集合:[m-k-l-a, 1-3-5]
System.out.println("处理后的集合:" + listNew);
输出结果:处理后的集合:[m, k, l, a, 1, 3, 5]
2.5、归约(reduce)
归约,也称缩减,顾名思义,是把一个流缩减成一个值,能实现对集合求和、求乘积和求最值操作
求
Integer
集合的元素之和、乘积和最大值
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 8, 11, 4);
// 求和方式1
Optional<Integer> sum = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x + y);
// 求和方式2
Optional<Integer> sum2 = list.stream().reduce(Integer::sum);
// 求和方式3
Integer sum3 = list.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
// 求乘积
Optional<Integer> product = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x * y);
// 求最大值方式1
Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x > y ? x : y);
// 求最大值写法2
Integer max2 = list.stream().reduce(1, Integer::max);
System.out.println("list求和:" + sum.get() + "," + sum2.get() + "," + sum3);
//输出结果:list求和:29,29,29
System.out.println("list求积:" + product.get());
//输出结果:list求积:2112
System.out.println("list求最大值:" + max.get() + "," + max2);
//输出结果:list求最大值:11,11
求所有员工的工资之和和最高工资
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
// 求工资之和方式1:
Optional<Integer> sumSalary = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum);
// 求工资之和方式2:
Integer sumSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum + p.getSalary(), Integer::sum);
// 求最高工资方式:
Integer maxSalary = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(),
Integer::max);
System.out.println("工资之和:" + sumSalary.get() + "," + sumSalary2 );
//输出结果:工资之和:49300,49300
System.out.println("最高工资:" + maxSalary);
//输出结果:最高工资:9500
2.6、收集(collect)
2.6.1 归集(toList/toSet/toMap)
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 6, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 6, 20);
List<Integer> listNew = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toList());
Set<Integer> set = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toSet());
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
Map<String, Person> map = personList.stream().filter(p -> p.getSalary() > 8000)
.collect(Collectors.toMap(Person::getName, p -> p));
Map<String, Integer> map1 = personList.stream().filter(p -> p.getSalary() > 8000)
.collect(Collectors.toMap(Person::getName, Person::getAge));
System.out.println("toList:" + listNew);
//输出结果:toList:[6, 4, 6, 6, 20]
System.out.println("toSet:" + set);
//输出结果:toSet:[4, 20, 6]
System.out.println("toMap:" + map);
//输出结果:toMap:{Tom=Person(name=Tom, salary=8900, age=23, sex=male, area=New York), Anni=Person(name=Anni, salary=8200, age=24, sex=female, area=New York)}
System.out.println("toMap:" + map1);
输出结果:toMap:{Tom=23, Anni=24}
2.6.2 统计(count/averaging)
- 计数:
count
- 平均值:
averagingInt
、averagingLong
、averagingDouble
- 最值:
maxBy
、minBy
- 求和:
summingInt
、summingLong
、summingDouble
- 统计以上所有:
summarizingInt
、summarizingLong
、summarizingDouble
统计平均工资、工资总额、最高工资
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
// 求平均工资
Double average = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Person::getSalary));
// 求最高工资
Optional<Integer> max = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).max(Integer::compare);
// 求工资之和
int sum = personList.stream().mapToInt(Person::getSalary).sum();
// 一次性统计所有信息
DoubleSummaryStatistics collect = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Person::getSalary));
System.out.println("员工平均工资:" + average);
//输出结果:员工平均工资:7900.0
System.out.println("员工最高工资:" + sum);
//输出结果:员工最高工资:23700
System.out.println("员工工资总和:" + sum);
//输出结果:员工工资总和:23700
System.out.println("员工工资所有统计:" + collect);
//输出结果:员工工资所有统计:DoubleSummaryStatistics{count=3, sum=23700.000000, min=7000.000000, average=7900.000000, max=8900.000000}
2.6.3 分组(partitioningBy/groupingBy)
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, "female", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900,"female", "New York"));
// 将员工按薪资是否高于8000分组
Map<Boolean, List<Person>> part = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(x -> x.getSalary() > 8000));
// 将员工按性别分组
Map<String, List<Person>> group = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getSex));
// 将员工先按性别分组,再按地区分组
Map<String, Map<String, List<Person>>> group2 = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getSex, Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getArea)));
System.out.println("员工按薪资是否大于8000分组情况:" + part);
System.out.println("员工按性别分组情况:" + group);
System.out.println("员工按性别、地区:" + group2);
输出结果
员工按薪资是否大于8000分组情况:{false=[Person(name=Jack, salary=7000, age=0, sex=male, area=Washington), Person(name=Lily, salary=7800, age=0, sex=female, area=Washington), Person(name=Alisa, salary=7900, age=0, sex=female, area=New York)], true=[Person(name=Tom, salary=8900, age=0, sex=male, area=New York), Person(name=Anni, salary=8200, age=0, sex=female, area=New York), Person(name=Owen, salary=9500, age=0, sex=male, area=New York)]}
员工按性别分组情况:{female=[Person(name=Lily, salary=7800, age=0, sex=female, area=Washington), Person(name=Anni, salary=8200, age=0, sex=female, area=New York), Person(name=Alisa, salary=7900, age=0, sex=female, area=New York)], male=[Person(name=Tom, salary=8900, age=0, sex=male, area=New York), Person(name=Jack, salary=7000, age=0, sex=male, area=Washington), Person(name=Owen, salary=9500, age=0, sex=male, area=New York)]}
员工按性别、地区:{female={New York=[Person(name=Anni, salary=8200, age=0, sex=female, area=New York), Person(name=Alisa, salary=7900, age=0, sex=female, area=New York)], Washington=[Person(name=Lily, salary=7800, age=0, sex=female, area=Washington)]}, male={New York=[Person(name=Tom, salary=8900, age=0, sex=male, area=New York), Person(name=Owen, salary=9500, age=0, sex=male, area=New York)], Washington=[Person(name=Jack, salary=7000, age=0, sex=male, area=Washington)]}}
2.6.4 接合(joining)
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
String names = personList.stream().map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.joining(","));
System.out.println("所有员工的姓名:" + names);
//输出结果:所有员工的姓名:Tom,Jack,Lily
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C");
String string = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-"));
System.out.println("拼接后的字符串:" + string);
//输出结果:拼接后的字符串:A-B-C
2.6.5 归约(reducing)
Collectors
类提供的reducing
方法,相比于stream
本身的reduce
方法,增加了对自定义归约的支持
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
// 每个员工减去起征点后的薪资之和(这个例子并不严谨,但一时没想到好的例子)
Integer sum = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(0, (i, j) -> (i + j - 5000));
System.out.println("员工扣税薪资总和:" + sum);
//输出结果:员工扣税薪资总和:8700
// stream的reduce
Optional<Integer> sum2 = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum);
System.out.println("员工薪资总和:" + sum2.get());
//输出结果:员工薪资总和:23700
2.7、排序(sorted)
- sorted():自然排序,流中元素需实现Comparable接口
- sorted(Comparator com):Comparator排序器自定义排序
将员工按工资由高到低(工资一样则按年龄由大到小)排序
List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<>();
personList.add(new Person("Sherry", 9000, 24, "female", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 22, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Jack", 9000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
personList.add(new Person("Lily", 8800, 26, "male", "New York"));
personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 9000, 26, "female", "New York"));
// 按工资升序排序(自然排序)
List<String> newList = personList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary)).map(Person::getName)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
// 按工资倒序排序
List<String> newList2 = personList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary).reversed())
.map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
// 先按工资再按年龄升序排序
List<String> newList3 = personList.stream()
.sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary).thenComparing(Person::getAge)).map(Person::getName)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
// 先按工资再按年龄自定义排序(降序)
List<String> newList4 = personList.stream().sorted((p1, p2) -> {
if (p1.getSalary() == p2.getSalary()) {
return p2.getAge() - p1.getAge();
} else {
return p2.getSalary() - p1.getSalary();
}
}).map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("按工资升序排序:" + newList);
//输出结果:按工资升序排序:[Lily, Tom, Sherry, Jack, Alisa]
System.out.println("按工资降序排序:" + newList2);
//输出结果:按工资降序排序:[Sherry, Jack, Alisa, Tom, Lily]
System.out.println("先按工资再按年龄升序排序:" + newList3);
//输出结果:先按工资再按年龄升序排序:[Lily, Tom, Sherry, Jack, Alisa]
System.out.println("先按工资再按年龄自定义降序排序:" + newList4);
//输出结果:先按工资再按年龄自定义降序排序:[Alisa, Jack, Sherry, Tom, Lily]
2.8、合并/去重/跳过
String[] arr1 = { "a", "b", "c", "d" };
String[] arr2 = { "d", "e", "f", "g" };
Stream<String> stream1 = Stream.of(arr1);
Stream<String> stream2 = Stream.of(arr2);
// concat:合并两个流 distinct:去重
List<String> newList = Stream.concat(stream1, stream2).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
// limit:限制从流中获得前n个数据
List<Integer> collect = Stream.iterate(1, x -> x + 2).limit(10).collect(Collectors.toList());
// skip:跳过前n个数据
List<Integer> collect2 = Stream.iterate(1, x -> x + 2).skip(1).limit(5).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("流合并:" + newList);
//输出结果:流合并:[a, b, c, d, e, f, g]
System.out.println("limit:" + collect);
//输出结果:limit:[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]
System.out.println("skip:" + collect2);
//输出结果:skip:[3, 5, 7, 9, 11]