5.2.避免条件判断
普通
double result;
if (value <= MIN_LIMIT) {
result = MIN_LIMIT;
} else {
result = value;
}
精简
double result = Math.max(MIN_LIMIT, value);
6.1.利用数组简化
对于固定上下限范围的 if-else 语句,可以用数组+循环来简化。
普通
public static int getGrade(double score) {
if (score >= 90.0D) {
return 1;
}
if (score >= 80.0D) {
return 2;
}
if (score >= 60.0D) {
return 3;
}
if (score >= 30.0D) {
return 4;
}
return 5;
}
精简
private static final double[] SCORE_RANGES = new double[] {90.0D, 80.0D, 60.0D, 30.0D};
public static int getGrade(double score) {
for (int i = 0; i < SCORE_RANGES.length; i++) {
if (score >= SCORE_RANGES[i]) {
return i + 1;
}
}
return SCORE_RANGES.length + 1;
}
思考:上面的案例返回值是递增的,所以用数组简化是没有问题的。但是,如果返回值不是递增的,能否用数组进行简化呢?答案是可以的,请自行思考解决。
6.2.利用 Map 简化
对于映射关系的 if-else 语句,可以用Map来简化。此外,此规则同样适用于简化映射关系的 switch 语句。
普通
public static String getBiologyClass(String name) {
switch (name) {
case "dog" :
return "animal";
case "cat" :
return "animal";
case "lavender" :
return "plant";
...
default :
return null;
}
}
精简
private static final Map<String, String> BIOLOGY_CLASS_MAP
= ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder()
.put("dog", "animal")
.put("cat", "animal")
.put("lavender", "plant")
...
.build();
public static String getBiologyClass(String name) {
return BIOLOGY_CLASS_MAP.get(name);
}
6.3.利用容器类简化
Java 不像 Python 和 Go ,方法不支持返回多个对象。如果需要返回多个对象,就必须自定义类,或者利用容器类。常见的容器类有 Apache 的 Pair 类和 Triple 类, Pair 类支持返回 2 个对象, Triple 类支持返回 3 个对象。
普通
@Setter
@Getter
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
public static class PointAndDistance {
private Point point;
private Double distance;
}
public static PointAndDistance getNearest(Point point, Point[] points) {
// 计算最近点和距离
...
// 返回最近点和距离
return new PointAndDistance(nearestPoint, nearestDistance);
}
精简
public static Pair<Point, Double> getNearest(Point point, Point[] points) {
// 计算最近点和距离
...
// 返回最近点和距离
return ImmutablePair.of(nearestPoint, nearestDistance);
}
7.利用 Optional
7.1.保证值存在
普通
Integer thisValue;
if (Objects.nonNull(value)) {
thisValue = value;
} else {
thisValue = DEFAULT_VALUE;
}
精简
Integer thisValue = Optional.ofNullable(value).orElse(DEFAULT_VALUE);
7.2.保证值合法
普通
Integer thisValue;
if (Objects.nonNull(value) && value.compareTo(MAX_VALUE) <= 0) {
thisValue = value;
} else {
thisValue = MAX_VALUE;
}
精简
Integer thisValue = Optional.ofNullable(value)
.filter(tempValue -> tempValue.compareTo(MAX_VALUE) <= 0).orElse(MAX_VALUE);
7.3.避免空判断
普通
String zipcode = null;
if (Objects.nonNull(user)) {
Address address = user.getAddress();
if (Objects.nonNull(address)) {
Country country = address.getCountry();
if (Objects.nonNull(country)) {
zipcode = country.getZipcode();
}
}
}
精简
tring zipcode = Optional.ofNullable(user).map(User::getAddress)
.map(Address::getCountry).map(Country::getZipcode).orElse(null);
8.利用 Stream
8.1.匹配集合数据
普通
boolean isFound = false;
for (UserDO user : userList) {
if (Objects.equals(user.getId(), userId)) {
isFound = true;
break;
}
}
精简
boolean isFound = userList.stream()
.anyMatch(user -> Objects.equals(user.getId(), userId));
8.2.过滤集合数据
普通
List<UserDO> resultList = new ArrayList<>();
for (UserDO user : userList) {
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper())) {
resultList.add(user);
}
}
精简
List<UserDO> resultList = userList.stream()
.filter(user -> Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper()))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
8.3.汇总集合数据
普通
double total = 0.0D;
for (Account account : accountList) {
total += account.getBalance();
}
精简
double total = accountList.stream().mapToDouble(Account::getBalance).sum();
8.4.转化集合数据
普通
List<UserVO> userVOList = new ArrayList<>();
for (UserDO userDO : userDOList) {
userVOList.add(transUser(userDO));
}
精简
List<UserVO> userVOList = userDOList.stream()
.map(this::transUser).collect(Collectors.toList());
8.5.分组集合数据
普通
Map<Long, List<UserDO>> roleUserMap = new HashMap<>();
for (UserDO userDO : userDOList) {
roleUserMap.computeIfAbsent(userDO.getRoleId(), key -> new ArrayList<>())
.add(userDO);
}
精简
Map<Long, List<UserDO>> roleUserMap = userDOList.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(UserDO::getRoleId));
8.6.分组汇总集合
普通
Map<Long, Double> roleTotalMap = new HashMap<>();
for (Account account : accountList) {
Long roleId = account.getRoleId();
Double total = Optional.ofNullable(roleTotalMap.get(roleId)).orElse(0.0D);
roleTotalMap.put(roleId, total + account.getBalance());
}
精简
roleTotalMap = accountList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Account::getRoleId, Collectors.summingDouble(Account::getBalance)));
8.7.生成范围集合
普通
int[] array1 = new int[N];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
array1[i] = i + 1;
}
int[] array2 = new int[N];
array2[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
array2[i] = array2[i - 1] * 2;
}
精简
int[] array1 = IntStream.rangeClosed(1, N).toArray();
int[] array2 = IntStream.iterate(1, n -> n * 2).limit(N).toArray();
9.利用程序结构
9.1.返回条件表达式
条件表达式判断返回布尔值,条件表达式本身就是结果
普通
public boolean isSuper(Long userId)
UserDO user = userDAO.get(userId);
if (Objects.nonNull(user) && Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper())) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
精简
public boolean isSuper(Long userId)
UserDO user = userDAO.get(userId);
return Objects.nonNull(user) && Boolean.TRUE.equals(user.getIsSuper());
}