静态成员与友元

静态成员与友元
1、实验目的
·学习友元函数的定义和原理。
·学习静态数据成员和静态成员函数的使用。
·学习静态成员代替全局变量实现对象间的共享。
2、实验内容
（1）有如下类的定义。类成员函数copy用于实现两个对象的相互拷贝，请完成该函数的实现。（有两种方法即用成员函数和友元函数实现）

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
class Myclass {
	public:
		Myclass (int a=1,int b=1) {
			x=a;
			y=b;
		}
		void copy(Myclass &my);
		void set(int a=1,int b=1) {
			x=a;
			y=b;
		}
		void print( ) {
			cout<<"x = "<<x<<endl;
			cout<<"y = "<<y<<endl;
		}
		friend void mycopy(Myclass &a,Myclass &b);
	private:
		int x,y;
};
void Myclass::copy(Myclass &my) {
	my.x=x;
	my.y=y;
}
void mycopy(Myclass &a,Myclass &b) {
	a.x=b.x;
	a.y=b.y;
}
int main() {
	Myclass a,b;
	cout<<"A初始默认值："<<endl;
	a.print();
	cout<<"用成员函数B拷贝A:"<<endl;
	b.copy(a);
	cout<<"B拷贝的值："<<endl;
	b.print();
	int m,n;
	cout<<"重新设置B的值：\n输入x,y"<<endl;
	cin>>m>>n;
	b.set(m,n);
	cout<<"B的值:"<<endl;
	b.print();
	cout<<"用友元函数A拷贝B:"<<endl;
	mycopy(a,b);
	cout<<"A的值:"<<endl;
	a.print();
	return 0;
}

（2）商店经销一种货物，货物成箱购进，成箱卖出，购进和卖出时以重量为单位，各箱的重量不一样，单价不一样，因此商店需要记录下目前库存的货物的总重量和总价值。编写一个程序，通过定义类Carlo来模拟商店货物购进和卖出的情况。
（本题目主要练习静态数据成员的使用，定义私有变量存每件货物的价格和重量，用静态数据成员存货物的总重量和总价钱，定义构造函数和析构函数，当定义新的对象完成初始化的功能和删除对象时，从总重量和总价钱中减去对象的重量和价格）

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

class Carlo {
	public:
		Carlo(double Weight = 0,double Price = 0);
		virtual ~Carlo();
		void SetCarlo(double = 0,double = 0);
		const double &GetCurrentTotalWeight() const;
		const double &GetCurrentTotalPrice() const;
		void BuyBox();
		void SellBox();
		void ShowBoxInfor() const;
		friend class Menu;
	protected:
		static  double  TotalWeight;
		static  double  TotalPrice;
	private:
		double  BoxWeight;
		double  BoxPrice;
};
class Menu {
	public:
		int show(Carlo &carlo);
};
double Carlo::TotalPrice=0.0;
double Carlo::TotalWeight=0.0;
Carlo::Carlo(double Weight, double Price) {
	BoxWeight=Weight;
	BoxPrice=Price;
	TotalPrice+=Weight * Price;
	TotalWeight+=Weight;
}
const double &Carlo::GetCurrentTotalPrice() const {
	return TotalPrice;
}
const double &Carlo::GetCurrentTotalWeight() const {
	return TotalWeight;
}
void Carlo::SetCarlo(double Weight, double Price) {
	BoxWeight=Weight;
	BoxPrice=Price;
	TotalWeight+=Weight;
	TotalPrice+=Weight*Price;
}
void Carlo::BuyBox() {
	Carlo carlo;
	double Weight,Price;
	cout<<"请输入进货的重量和价格："<<endl;
	cin>>Weight>>Price;
	while(Weight<0||Price<0) {
		cout<<"参数不对，请重新输入："<<endl;
		cin>>Weight>>Price;
	}
	carlo.SetCarlo(Weight,Price);
}
void Carlo::SellBox() {
	double Weight,Price;
	cout<<"输入出货的重量和单价："<<endl;
	cin>>Weight>>Price;
	while(Weight<0||Price<0) {
		cout<<"参数不对，请重新输入："<<endl;
		cin>>Weight>>Price;
	}
	if(((Weight*Price)>TotalPrice)||Weight>TotalWeight || TotalPrice<0) {
		cout<<"存货不够!"<<endl;
		getchar();
		getchar();
	} else {
		TotalPrice-=Weight*Price;
		TotalWeight-=Weight;
		cout<<"出货完成！"<<endl;
		getchar();
		getchar();
	}
}
void Carlo::ShowBoxInfor() const {
	cout<<"现在的总重量：\t"<<TotalWeight<<endl;
	cout<<"现在的总价格：\t"<<TotalPrice<<endl;
	getchar();
	getchar();
}
Carlo::~Carlo() {
	cout<<"程序结束,释放内存成功!"<<endl;
	getchar();
	getchar();
}
int Menu::show(Carlo &carlo) {
	cout<<"进出货演示:"<<endl;
	cout<<"1.进货登记."<<endl;
	cout<<"2.出货登记."<<endl;
	cout<<"3.获取库存信息."<<endl;
	cout<<"4.退出."<<endl;
	cout<<"请选择操作："<<endl;
	int c=0;
	while(c!=4) {
		cin>>c;
		switch(c) {
			case 1:
				carlo.BuyBox();
				break;
			case 2:
				carlo.SellBox();
				break;
			case 3:
				carlo.ShowBoxInfor();
				break;
		}
		system("cls");
	}
	return 0;
}
int main() {
	Menu menu;
	Carlo carlo;
	menu.show(carlo);
	return 0;
}