JAVA三种拦截方式

最近面试有遇到拦截方式的场景,结合网上xdm的代码整理了下,分为以下三种:
java原生过滤器Filter、springMVC拦截器、aop切面

一、java原生过滤器Filter

package com.zhangximing.springbootinterceptor.interceptor;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

/**
 * 自定义Filter
 * 对请求的header 过滤token
 *
 * 过滤器Filter可以拿到原始的HTTP请求和响应的信息,
 *     但是拿不到你真正处理请求方法的信息,也就是方法的信息
 *
 * @Component 注解让拦截器注入Bean,从而让拦截器生效
 * @WebFilter 配置拦截规则
 *
 * 拦截顺序:filter—>Interceptor-->ControllerAdvice-->@Aspect -->Controller
 *
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/**"},filterName = "authFilter")
public class MyFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        log.info("TokenFilter init {}",filterConfig.getFilterName());
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        String param = request.getParameter("param");

        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        //获取请求头token
        String token = "";
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = httpServletRequest.getHeaderNames();
        while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {//判断是否还有下一个元素
            String nextElement = headerNames.nextElement();//获取headerNames集合中的请求头
            if ("token".equals(nextElement)){
                token = httpServletRequest.getHeader(nextElement);
                log.info("请求头key[" + nextElement + "]:" + token);
            }
        }

        log.info("doFilter-我拦截到了请求:"+ param);
        if (null != param && "pass".equals(param)){
            //验证token
            if ("7758258xx".equals(token)){
                chain.doFilter(request,response);//到下一个链
            }else{
                response.getWriter().write("doFilter-请求头token不通过");
            }
        }else{
            log.info("doFilter-参数param不符合条件");
            response.getWriter().write("doFilter-参数param不通过");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        log.info("destroy");
    }
}

简单测试直接用的postman,参数是一个param和一个请求头token:
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/732e1d35a7e741eb96db1a5a5cef18f5.png
这里补充一下:
若非springboot的情况下,不使用@WebFilter则需要自己设置配置文件
你需要在web.xml文件中配置过滤器,指定要拦截的URL以及要使用的过滤器

<filter>
    <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.zhangximing.springbootinterceptor.interceptor.MyFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/example</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

二、springMVC拦截器

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * 自定义拦截器
 * 自定义拦截器后,需要配置进Spring
 *
 * 拦截器Interceptor可以拿到原始的HTTP请求和响应的信息,
 *    也可以拿到你真正处理请求方法的信息,但是拿不到传进参数的那个值。
 *
 *拦截顺序:filter—>Interceptor-->ControllerAdvice-->@Aspect -->Controller
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    /**
     * 在访问Controller某个方法之前这个方法会被调用。
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler
     * @return false则表示不执行postHandle方法,true 表示执行postHandle方法
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        log.info("Interceptor preHandle {}","");
        String token = request.getHeader("token");
        log.info("Interceptor preHandle token :{}",token);
        log.info("Interceptor preHandle uri {}",request.getRequestURL().toString());

        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        //spring boot 2.0对静态资源也进行了拦截,当拦截器拦截到请求之后,
        // 但controller里并没有对应的请求时,该请求会被当成是对静态资源的请求。
        // 此时的handler就是 ResourceHttpRequestHandler,就会抛出上述错误。
        if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod){
            HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
            Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod();
            log.info("Token Interceptor preHandle getMethod {}",method.getName());
        }else if(handler instanceof ResourceHttpRequestHandler){//静态资源
            ResourceHttpRequestHandler resourceHttpRequestHandler = (ResourceHttpRequestHandler) handler;
            log.info("Token Interceptor preHandle getMethod {}",resourceHttpRequestHandler.getMediaTypes());
        }

        if (!"7758258xx".equals(token)){
            response.getWriter().write("doInterceptor-请求头token不通过");
            return false;
        }

        //false则表示不执行postHandle方法,不执行下一步chain链,直接返回response
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 请求处理之后进行调用,但是在视图被渲染之前(Controller方法调用之后)
     * preHandle方法处理之后这个方法会被调用,如果控制器Controller出现了异常,则不会执行此方法
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler
     * @param modelAndView
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        log.info("Interceptor postHandle");
    }

    /**
     * 不管有没有异常,这个afterCompletion都会被调用
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param handler
     * @param ex
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        log.info("Interceptor afterCompletion");
    }

这里注意下,需要将拦截器配置进spring

import com.zhangximing.springbootinterceptor.interceptor.MyInterceptor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

/**
 *  MyInterceptor 自定义拦截器后,需要配置进Spring
 * 也可以mapping,跨域设置
 */
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class MyInterceptorConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Autowired
    MyInterceptor myInterceptor;

    /**
     * 添加拦截器
     * @param registry
     */
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        log.info("addInterceptors tokenInterceptor");
        registry.addInterceptor(myInterceptor)
                .addPathPatterns("/**")//指定该类拦截的url
        .excludePathPatterns( "/static/**");//过滤静态资源
    }

    /**
     * 如果实现了Filter跨域拦截,这个跨域无效
     * 拦截器实现 跨域支持
     * @param registry
     */
    @Override
    public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
        log.info("addInterceptors addCorsMappings");
        registry.addMapping("/**")
                .allowedOriginPatterns("*")  //本人测试时springboot2.7版本用的是这个
                .allowCredentials(true)
                .allowedMethods("GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT","OPTIONS","HEAD")
                .allowedHeaders("*")
                .maxAge(3600);
    }
}

测试同理:
在这里插入图片描述

三、aop切面

引入maven:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>

若出现无法解析aspectjweaver则需要手动加入其他版本maven解决问题

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
    <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
    <version>1.9.4</version>
</dependency>
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @Author: zhangximing
 * @Email: 530659058@qq.com
 * @Date: 2023/8/18 10:15
 * @Description: 切面
 */
@Slf4j
@Component  //表示它是一个Spring的组件
@Aspect  //表示它是一个切面
public class MyAspect {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyAspect.class);

    ThreadLocal<Long> startTime = new ThreadLocal<>();

    /**
     * 第一个*代表返回类型不限
     * 第二个*代表所有类
     * 第三个*代表所有方法
     * (..) 代表参数不限
     * com.zhangximing.springbootinterceptor.controller 测试的controller层
     */
    @Pointcut("execution(public * com.zhangximing.springbootinterceptor.controller.*.*(..))")
    public void pointCut(){};

    @Before(value = "pointCut()")
    public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint){
        System.out.println("方法执行前执行......before");
        ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
        logger.info("<=====================================================");
        logger.info("请求来源: =》" + request.getRemoteAddr());
        logger.info("请求URL:" + request.getRequestURL().toString());
        logger.info("请求方式:" + request.getMethod());
        logger.info("响应方法:" + joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName() + "." + joinPoint.getSignature().getName());
        logger.info("请求参数:" + Arrays.toString(joinPoint.getArgs()));
        logger.info("连接点的方法签名对象:"+joinPoint.getSignature());
        logger.info("连接点所在的目标对象:"+joinPoint.getTarget());
        logger.info("代理对象:"+joinPoint. getThis());
        logger.info("------------------------------------------------------");
        startTime.set(System.currentTimeMillis());
    }

    // 定义需要匹配的切点表达式,同时需要匹配参数
    /**
     * @description 要拦截修改参数的值只有使用这个方法,Around相当于before+after
     * @param pjp
     * @param arg 类型可以根据pointCut指定切点类下的方法确定,也可以使用统一的Object,也可以不写参数
     * @return
     * @throws Throwable
     */
    @Around("pointCut() && args(arg)")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, Object arg) throws Throwable{
        logger.info("入参:{}",arg);
        logger.info("方法环绕start...around");

        JSONObject param = JSONObject.parseObject(JSONObject.toJSONString(arg));
        if ("zxm".equals(param.getString("name"))){
            JSONObject result = new JSONObject();
            result.put("success",false);
            result.put("msg","error");
            return result;
        }
        param.put("exist",true);
        param.put("name","cml");

        //修改值
        Object[] objects = new Object[]{param};
        Object objectNew = pjp.proceed(objects);

        logger.info("方法环绕end...around");

        return objectNew;
    }

    @After("within(com.zhangximing.springbootinterceptor.controller.*)")
    public void after(){
        System.out.println("方法之后执行...after.");
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param AjaxResult  rst 该参数类型需要与测试的Controller层的返回值类型一致,否则不生效,也就是找不到
     *            该测试中的AjaxResult是测试项目中封装好的出参
     */
    @AfterReturning(pointcut="pointCut()",returning = "rst")
    public void afterRunning(JSONObject rst){
        if(startTime.get() == null){
            startTime.set(System.currentTimeMillis());
        }
        System.out.println("方法执行完执行...afterRunning");
        logger.info("耗时(毫秒):" +  (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime.get()));
        logger.info("返回数据:{}", rst);
        logger.info("==========================================>");
    }

    @AfterThrowing("within(com.zhangximing.springbootinterceptor.controller.*)")
    public void afterThrowing(){
        System.out.println("异常出现之后...afterThrowing");
    }
}

实现效果用的是如下controller:

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public String test1(@RequestParam(required = false, value = "param") String param){
        log.info("test1:"+param);
        return "test1:"+param;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test2")
    public JSONObject test2(@RequestBody JSONObject params){
        log.info("test2:"+params.toJSONString());

        params.put("success",true);
        return params;
    }
}

参数判断拦截以及参数修改等方式都可以通过aop切面来实现,这是比较基本的aop拦截实现
在这里插入图片描述
最后关于aop失效补充下,切面只能对被spring代理的对象起作用,目前是针对的请求入口进行拦截,我试了下踩坑,比如说如果要对service或dao进行拦截,可以使用注解注入的方式生效。
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

拦截器类 需要两个配合使用这里只有一个 @Configuration public class ServletContextConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { registry.addResourceHandler("/static/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/"); registry.addResourceHandler("/templates/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/templates/"); super.addResourceHandlers(registry); } @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(new HandlerMyInterceptorAdapter()).addPathPatterns("/**") .excludePathPatterns("/") // .excludePathPatterns("/expressions/getExpressionsList") .excludePathPatterns("/loginInfo/getCordByIsPhone") .excludePathPatterns("/loginInfo/login11") //token失效跳轉 .excludePathPatterns("/loginInfo/insertLoginInfo") //注册 .excludePathPatterns("/loginInfo/login") //登录 .excludePathPatterns("/upload") //上传文件 .excludePathPatterns("/uploadListen") //上传文件 .excludePathPatterns("/admin/user/goLogin") //后台跳转登录 .excludePathPatterns("/admin/user/login") //后台登录 .excludePathPatterns("/loginInfo/getLoginInfo") //忘记密码 .excludePathPatterns("/loginInfo/getCord") //短信验证码 .excludePathPatterns("/loginInfo/getIsLoginInfo") //判断验证码&&登录 .excludePathPatterns("/loginInfo/getIsLoginInfo1") //判断验证码 .excludePathPatterns("/loginInfo/setPassWord") //设置密码 ; } @Override public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) { configurer.enable(); } } @Component public class HandlerMyInterceptorAdapter implements HandlerInterceptor { @Autowired private HeartbeatServiceImpl heartbeatService; @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws IOException { String url = request.getRequestURI(); if (url.contains("admin")) { User user = (User) request.getSession().getAttribute("user"); try { if (user.equals(null)) { response.sendRedirect(serverConfig.SERVER + "admin/user/goLogin"); return false; } else { return true; } }catch (Exception e){ response.sendRedirect(serverConfig.SERVER + "admin/user/goLogin"); return false; } }else { String token = request.getHeader("token"); if (token != null) { Jedis jedis = new Jedis(com.sevenSteps.util.RedisConfig.HOST, RedisConfig.PORT); String s = jedis.get(token); if(token.equals(s)) { heartbeatService = SpringUtil.getBean(HeartbeatServiceImpl.class); return heartbeatService.setOutDate(token); }else { response.sendRedirect(serverConfig.SERVER + "loginInfo/login11"); return true; } }else { response.sendRedirect(serverConfig.SERVER + "loginInfo/login11"); return true; } } } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { } }
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