qt的反射用法（新版本）

qt的反射用法，直接上代码

Animal.h

#ifndef ANIMAL_H
#define ANIMAL_H
#include<QString>
#include<QObject>

class Animal : public QObject{
    //Q_OBJECT，这个为什么注释，因为后面发现一只提示方法重复定义，所以取消父类的标记
public:
    explicit Animal(QObject *parent = 0);
    //Animal();
    virtual QString getName() const=0;

    virtual int getAge() const=0;
};


#endif // ANIMAL_H

Animal.cpp

#include "Animal.h"


Animal::Animal(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
}

Dog.h

#ifndef DOG_H
#define DOG_H
#include"Animal.h"
//#include<QString>
//#include<QObject>

class Dog : public Animal{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY (QString name READ getName WRITE setName);
    Q_PROPERTY (int age READ getAge WRITE setAge);
    Q_ENUMS(Type);
public:
    Q_INVOKABLE Dog();
    Q_INVOKABLE void setAge(const int age);
    Q_INVOKABLE void setName(const QString& name);
    Q_INVOKABLE QString getName() const;
    Q_INVOKABLE int getAge() const;
    enum Type{
        ERHA,SHAMOYE,ALASIJI,TIANYUAN
    };

    Q_INVOKABLE Type getType() const;
    Q_INVOKABLE void setType(Type suit);
    QString getTypeString();

private:

    Type type;
    QString name;
    int age;
};

Dog.cpp

#include "Dog.h"

Dog::Dog():Animal(nullptr){}

void Dog::setName(const QString &name){
    this->name=name;
}

QString Dog::getName() const{
    return this->name;
}

int Dog::getAge() const{
    return this->age;
}

Dog::Type Dog::getType() const{
    return this->type;
}

void Dog::setType(Dog::Type type){
    this->type=type;
}

QString Dog::getTypeString(){
    QString name;
    switch (this->type) {
    case ERHA:name="ERHA";
    case SHAMOYE:name="SHAMOYE";
    case ALASIJI:name="ALASIJI";
    case TIANYUAN:name="TIANYUAN";
    default:
        name="TIANYUAN";
    }
    return name;
}

void Dog::setAge(const int age){
    this->age=age;
}

main.cpp

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include "Dog.h"
#include <QDebug>

#include <QQmlContext>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);

    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

    //注册
    int typeId= qRegisterMetaType<Dog*>();
    const QMetaObject *metaObj = QMetaType::metaObjectForType(typeId);

    //实例化dog
    QObject *obj = metaObj->newInstance();
    //获取属性的个数
    int propertyCount = metaObj->propertyCount();
    //获取方法的个数
    int methodCount = metaObj->methodCount();

    //输出属性的名字
    for(int j = 0;j<propertyCount;j++){
        qDebug()<<"propertyName="<< metaObj->property(j).name();

    }
    //输出类和方法的信息
    qDebug()<<"className"<< metaObj->className();
    for(int j = 0;j<methodCount;j++){
        qDebug()<<"methodName="<< metaObj->method(j).name()<<"methodType"<<metaObj->method(j).typeName()<<"methodSignature"<<metaObj->method(j).methodSignature();

    }

    //通过执行set方法给属性赋值
    QMetaObject::invokeMethod( obj, "setName", Qt::DirectConnection,Q_ARG(QString, "阿黄"));
    QMetaObject::invokeMethod( obj, "setAge", Qt::DirectConnection,Q_ARG(int, 3));
    QString name;
    int age=0;
    //get方法取值
    QMetaObject::invokeMethod( obj, "getName", Qt::DirectConnection, Q_RETURN_ARG(QString, name ));
    QMetaObject::invokeMethod( obj, "getAge", Qt::DirectConnection, Q_RETURN_ARG(int, age ));

    qDebug()<<"dogname="<< name<<",dogAge="<<age;
    //直接给属性赋值
    obj->setProperty("name",QVariant("小黑"));
    obj->setProperty("age",QVariant(4));
    //obj->setProperty("age",4);
    qDebug()<<"dogname="<< obj->property("name").toString()<<",dogAge="<<obj->property("age").toInt();
    //dog向上造型
    Animal *dog = qobject_cast<Dog*>(obj);
    qDebug()<<"dogname="<< dog->getName()<<",dogAge="<<dog->getAge();


    //加载qml
    QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
    const QUrl url(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml"));
    QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated,
                     &app, [url](QObject *obj, const QUrl &objUrl) {
        if (!obj && url == objUrl)
            QCoreApplication::exit(-1);
    }, Qt::QueuedConnection);

    //绑定一下dog
    engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("dog",dog);
    engine.load(url);
    return app.exec();
}

main.qml

import QtQuick 2.12
import QtQuick.Window 2.12
import QtQuick.Controls 2.12
Window {
    visible: true
    width: 400
    height: 210
    color: "#ffffff"
    title: qsTr("QuickControlsDemo")

    Text {
        id: text1
        x: 47
        y: 35
        width: 80
        height: 30
        text: qsTr("用户名：")
        horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignRight
        verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
        font.pixelSize: 14
    }

    TextField  {
        id: textField1
        x: 137
        y: 35
        width: 200
        height: 30
        placeholderText: qsTr("请输入用户名")
    }

    Text {
        id: text2
        x: 47
        y: 85
        width: 80
        height: 30
        text: qsTr("密  码：")
        verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
        font.pixelSize: 14
        horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignRight
    }

    TextField {
        id: textField2
        x: 137
        y: 85
        width: 200
        height: 30
        //echoMode: 2
        placeholderText: qsTr("请输入密码")
        onTextChanged: {
            textField1.text=dog.getName()
        }
    }

     Button {
        id: button1
        x: 71
        y: 145
        width: 116
        height: 36
        text: qsTr("登 录")
        onClicked: {
        textField2.text=dog.getAge()
        }
    }

    Button {
        id: button2
        x: 224
        y: 145
        width: 110
        height: 36
        text: qsTr("取 消")
    }
}

输出结果

propertyName= objectName
propertyName= name
propertyName= age
className Dog
methodName= "destroyed" methodType void methodSignature "destroyed(QObject*)"
methodName= "destroyed" methodType void methodSignature "destroyed()"
methodName= "objectNameChanged" methodType void methodSignature "objectNameChanged(QString)"
methodName= "deleteLater" methodType void methodSignature "deleteLater()"
methodName= "_q_reregisterTimers" methodType void methodSignature "_q_reregisterTimers(void*)"
methodName= "setAge" methodType void methodSignature "setAge(int)"
methodName= "setName" methodType void methodSignature "setName(QString)"
methodName= "getName" methodType QString methodSignature "getName()"
methodName= "getAge" methodType int methodSignature "getAge()"
methodName= "getType" methodType Type methodSignature "getType()"
methodName= "setType" methodType void methodSignature "setType(Type)"
dogname= "阿黄" ,dogAge= 3
dogname= "小黑" ,dogAge= "4"
dogname= "小黑" ,dogAge= 4

总结：

1.整体用法没有什么，都是一些api，主要是用Q_PROPERTY，Q_INVOKABLE标记

2.和java的反射相比体验差了一大截，看了一下这个其实是moc编译生成了中间类

3.本人所用qt版本5.14，版本不一样可能跑不起来，百度的很多版本比较老了，注意下

完毕。