自定义控件
首先需要自定义一个布局类，然后通过构造函数借助LayoutInflater动态加载布局文件，从而获得布局文件中的空间，然后为控件添加事件，如图:
public TitleLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.title, this);
Button titleBack = (Button) findViewById(R.id.title_back);
}
}
inflate方法的第一个参数是布局文件，第二个参数是指定的父布局。在这个布局文件中可以指定自定义的控件。
ListView
将ListView直接添加在布局文件中，然后在活动中用适配器为ListView添加内容，这里使用数组的方式定义适配器，如图：
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
FruitAdapter adapter = new ArrayAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
adapter中的第二个参数是子布局文件，这里的子布局文件使用了android内置的。
定制ListView界面
- 首先我们自定义一个实体类作为适配器的类型
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imageId;
public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
this.name = name;
this.imageId = imageId;
}
public String getName() { name;}
public int getImageId() {return imageId;}
}
- 然后定义一个ListView的子项布局fruit_item.xml
- 自定义适配器
首先构造函数中传入了三个参数，第一个参数用于传入上下文，第二个参数用于传入子项布局的id从而找到布局资源，第三个参数用于传入实体对象。然后需要重写getView方法，首先我们根据getItem方法得到当前的实例，然后利用LayoutInflater来为ListView添加布局，inflate方法中有三个参数，第一个参数表示子项布局，第二个参数就是ListView本身，需要把第三个参数设置为false，表示不为当前的view添加父布局，因为添加了父布局之后就不能添加到ListView中了。之后就是为布局设置布局资源和实体资源。
public class NewFruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
private int resourceId;
public NewFruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List<Fruit> objects) {
super(context, resource, objects);
this.resourceId = resource;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
TextView fruitText = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
fruitText.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
}
4.在活动中初始化适配器，并为ListView添加适配器即可。
对ListView进行优化
可以用convertView对布局进行缓存，用ViewHolder对控件实例进行缓存，这样就不会重复加载布局和控件实例了，如图：
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit = getItem(position); // 获取当前项的Fruit实例
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if (convertView == null) {
view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById (R.id.fruit_image);
viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById (R.id.fruit_name);
view.setTag(viewHolder); // 将ViewHolder存储在View中
} else {
view = convertView;
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); // 重新获取ViewHolder
}
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
在活动中为ListView添加点击事件
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
int position, long id) {
Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
1. 1. }
});
RecycleView
自定义一个FruitAdapter,实现静态的ViewHolder方法，对子项布局的布局文件进行配置，重写onCreateViewHolder，onBindViewHolder，getItemCount方法，onCreateViewHolder为ListView添加布局文件，并配置控件的点击事件，onBindViewHolder添加控件实例，getItemCount返回总共的子项实例。
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder>{
private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
View fruitView;
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
public ViewHolder(View view) {
super(view);
fruitView = view;
fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
}
}
public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList) {
mFruitList = fruitList;
}
@Override
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false);
final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
holder.fruitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), "you clicked view " + fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
holder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), "you clicked image " + fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
return holder;
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mFruitList.size();
}
}
recycle还可以通过layoutmanager来实现水平滚动和瀑布流的效果，这是ListView所没有的。
RecycleView的点击事件
首先在适配器中定义一个静态类ViewHolder来处理视图，ViewHolder有一个构造函数，构造函数传入子项的布局，并保存起来，一起传入的还有子项布局中的图片和文字控件。
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
View fruitView;
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
public ViewHolder(View view) {
super(view);
fruitView = view;
fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
}
}
然后需要重写onCreateViewHolder方法，实例化ViewHolder，重写holder中空间的点击事件，然后返回holder。
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false);
final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
holder.fruitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), "you clicked view " + fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
holder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), "you clicked image " + fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
return holder;
}
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