nginx之main函数

我们从nginx.c的main函数看起，这是nginx的第一节：

注意conf_ctx有四个指针，就是数组的数组，那么它是怎么初始化的呢？
我们在这里先列出几个核心模块：

```c
//第一个核心模块为ngx_core_module,在nginx.c中
static ngx_command_t  ngx_core_commands[] = {

    { ngx_string("daemon"),
      NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_FLAG,
      ngx_conf_set_flag_slot,
      0,
      offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, daemon),
      NULL },

    { ngx_string("master_process"),
      NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_FLAG,
      ngx_conf_set_flag_slot,
      0,
      offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, master),
      NULL },
      ....
      }
      
static ngx_core_module_t  ngx_core_module_ctx = {
    ngx_string("core"),
    ngx_core_module_create_conf,
    ngx_core_module_init_conf
};


ngx_module_t  ngx_core_module = {
    NGX_MODULE_V1,
    &ngx_core_module_ctx,                  /* module context */
    ngx_core_commands,                     /* module directives */
    NGX_CORE_MODULE,                       /* module type */
    NULL,                                  /* init master */
    NULL,                                  /* init module */
    NULL,                                  /* init process */
    NULL,                                  /* init thread */
    NULL,                                  /* exit thread */
    NULL,                                  /* exit process */
    NULL,                                  /* exit master */
    NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING
};

//第二个模块是conf模块，只有一个，比较特殊
static ngx_command_t  ngx_conf_commands[] = {

    { ngx_string("include"),
      NGX_ANY_CONF|NGX_CONF_TAKE1,
      ngx_conf_include,
      0,
      0,
      NULL },

      ngx_null_command
};

//这个结构体没有上下文，第二个为null
ngx_module_t  ngx_conf_module = {
    NGX_MODULE_V1,
    NULL,                                  /* module context */
    ngx_conf_commands,                     /* module directives */
    NGX_CONF_MODULE,                       /* module type */
    NULL,                                  /* init master */
    NULL,                                  /* init module */
    NULL,                                  /* init process */
    NULL,                                  /* init thread */
    NULL,                                  /* exit thread */
    ngx_conf_flush_files,                  /* exit process */
    NULL,                                  /* exit master */
    NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING
};


/* The eight fixed arguments */

static ngx_uint_t argument_number[] = {
    NGX_CONF_NOARGS,
    NGX_CONF_TAKE1,
    NGX_CONF_TAKE2,
    NGX_CONF_TAKE3,
    NGX_CONF_TAKE4,
    NGX_CONF_TAKE5,
    NGX_CONF_TAKE6,
    NGX_CONF_TAKE7
};

//第三个核心模块为ngx_events_module，在ngx_event.c中
static ngx_command_t  ngx_events_commands[] = {

    { ngx_string("events"),
      NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_CONF_BLOCK|NGX_CONF_NOARGS,
      ngx_events_block,
      0,
      0,
      NULL },

      ngx_null_command
};


static ngx_core_module_t  ngx_events_module_ctx = {
    ngx_string("events"),
    NULL,
    ngx_event_init_conf
};


ngx_module_t  ngx_events_module = {
    NGX_MODULE_V1,
    &ngx_events_module_ctx,                /* module context */
    ngx_events_commands,                   /* module directives */
    NGX_CORE_MODULE,                       /* module type */
    NULL,                                  /* init master */
    NULL,                                  /* init module */
    NULL,                                  /* init process */
    NULL,                                  /* init thread */
    NULL,                                  /* exit thread */
    NULL,                                  /* exit process */
    NULL,                                  /* exit master */
    NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING
};
//第四个核心模块是ngx_http_module，在ngx_http.c中
ngx_uint_t   ngx_http_max_module;
//这几个指针是用来过滤模块用的
ngx_http_output_header_filter_pt  ngx_http_top_header_filter;
ngx_http_output_body_filter_pt    ngx_http_top_body_filter;
ngx_http_request_body_filter_pt   ngx_http_top_request_body_filter;
static ngx_command_t  ngx_http_commands[] = {
    { ngx_string("http"),
      NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_CONF_BLOCK|NGX_CONF_NOARGS,
      ngx_http_block,
      0,
      0,
      NULL },

      ngx_null_command
};


static ngx_core_module_t  ngx_http_module_ctx = {
    ngx_string("http"),
    NULL,
    NULL
};


ngx_module_t  ngx_http_module = {
    NGX_MODULE_V1,
    &ngx_http_module_ctx,                  /* module context */
    ngx_http_commands,                     /* module directives */
    NGX_CORE_MODULE,                       /* module type */
    NULL,                                  /* init master */
    NULL,                                  /* init module */
    NULL,                                  /* init process */
    NULL,                                  /* init thread */
    NULL,                                  /* exit thread */
    NULL,                                  /* exit process */
    NULL,                                  /* exit master */
    NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING
};

//第五个核心模块是ngx_rtmp_module
ngx_uint_t  ngx_rtmp_max_module;
static ngx_command_t  ngx_rtmp_commands[] = {
    { ngx_string("rtmp"),
      NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_CONF_BLOCK|NGX_CONF_NOARGS,
      ngx_rtmp_block,
      0,
      0,
      NULL },

      ngx_null_command
};
static ngx_core_module_t  ngx_rtmp_module_ctx = {
    ngx_string("rtmp"),
    NULL,
    NULL
};

ngx_module_t  ngx_rtmp_module = {
    NGX_MODULE_V1,
    &ngx_rtmp_module_ctx,                  /* module context */
    ngx_rtmp_commands,                     /* module directives */
    NGX_CORE_MODULE,                       /* module type */
    NULL,                                  /* init master */
    NULL,                                  /* init module */
    ngx_rtmp_init_process,                 /* init process */
    NULL,                                  /* init thread */
    NULL,                                  /* exit thread */
    NULL,                                  /* exit process */
    NULL,                                  /* exit master */
    NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING
};

这几个核心模块是nginx框架用的，主要函数就是ngx_xxxx_block(),主要用来void **** ctx上创建解析文件的结构体。
核心模块和其它模块主要区别在哪里，我们知道一个模块实现必须要构造三个结构体：
1）ngx_command_t
2）ngx_module_t
3）ctx 关键就在这个ctx的不同上，对于核心模块是；ngx_core_module_t，对于http模块是ngx_http_module_t，对于rtmp是ngx_rtmp_module_t，所以看模块属于哪个类型就看这个上下文好了。
所有的http模块必须实现ngx_http_module_t，其余同理。

以上就是我们本次关心的几个核心模块

下面这个是configure生成的ngx_modules[]数组

 //ngx_modules[]有config生成：
 //这个变量是个全局变量，变量里面存储着所有模块的静态全部变量，通过这个数组，将所有模块加载进来
 //其余的模块都是静态全局变量，表示只在其所在文件中才可以调用。
ngx_module_t *ngx_modules[] = {
    &ngx_core_module,
    &ngx_errlog_module,
    &ngx_conf_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_core_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_cmd_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_codec_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_access_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_record_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_gop_cache_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_live_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_flv_live_index_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_play_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_flv_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_mp4_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_netcall_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_relay_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_exec_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_auto_push_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_auto_push_index_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_log_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_limit_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_hls_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_dash_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_notify_module,
    &ngx_openssl_module,
    &ngx_regex_module,
    &ngx_events_module,
    &ngx_event_core_module,
    &ngx_epoll_module,
    &ngx_http_module,
    &ngx_http_core_module,
    &ngx_http_log_module,
    &ngx_http_upstream_module,
    &ngx_http_static_module,
    &ngx_http_autoindex_module,
    &ngx_http_index_module,
    &ngx_http_mirror_module,
    &ngx_http_try_files_module,
    &ngx_http_auth_basic_module,
    &ngx_http_access_module,
    &ngx_http_limit_conn_module,
    &ngx_http_limit_req_module,
    &ngx_http_geo_module,
    &ngx_http_map_module,
    &ngx_http_split_clients_module,
    &ngx_http_referer_module,
    &ngx_http_rewrite_module,
    &ngx_http_ssl_module,
    &ngx_http_proxy_module,
    &ngx_http_fastcgi_module,
    &ngx_http_uwsgi_module,
    &ngx_http_scgi_module,
    &ngx_http_memcached_module,
    &ngx_http_empty_gif_module,
    &ngx_http_browser_module,
    &ngx_http_upstream_hash_module,
    &ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module,
    &ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module,
    &ngx_http_upstream_random_module,
    &ngx_http_upstream_keepalive_module,
    &ngx_http_upstream_zone_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_stat_module,
    &ngx_rtmp_control_module,
    &ngx_http_flv_live_module,
    &ngx_http_write_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_header_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_chunked_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_range_header_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_gzip_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_postpone_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_ssi_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_charset_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_userid_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_headers_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_copy_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_range_body_filter_module,
    &ngx_http_not_modified_filter_module,
    NULL
};

 注意下面有一个ngx_module_names[]数组与上对应，
 char *ngx_module_names[] = {
    "ngx_core_module",
    "ngx_errlog_module",
    "ngx_conf_module",
    "ngx_rtmp_module",
    "ngx_rtmp_core_module",
    "ngx_rtmp_cmd_module",
    "ngx_rtmp_codec_module",
    "ngx_rtmp_access_module",
    "ngx_rtmp_record_module",
    "ngx_rtmp_gop_cache_module",
    ’‘’‘’
    }

整个函数的核心结构体是ngx_cycle_s:

struct ngx_cycle_s {
//保存着所有模块存储配置项的结构体指针，它首先是一个数组，每个数组ele又是一个指针，这个指针又指向另外
//一个存储着指针的数组，所以是void ****
    void                  ****conf_ctx;
    //内存池
    ngx_pool_t               *pool;
   //日志模块提供了生成基本ngx_log_t日志对象的功能，治理的log实际上是在还没有执行ngx_init_cycle
   //方法前，也就是还没有解析配置前，如果又信息需要输出到日志，就会暂时使用log对象，它会输出到屏幕上
   //在ngx_init_cycle方法执行后，将会根据nginx.conf配置文件中的配置项，构造正真的log,到时候会
   //重新对log赋值。
    ngx_log_t                *log;
    //由nginx.conf配置文件读取到日志文件路径后，将开始初始化err_log日志文件，由于log对象还在用
    //于输出日志到屏幕，这时候会用new_log暂时替代log,初始化成功后，再将new_log赋值给上面的log
    ngx_log_t                 new_log;

    ngx_uint_t                log_use_stderr;  /* unsigned  log_use_stderr:1; */
	//对于poll rtsig 这样的事件模块，会以有效的文件句柄数来预先建立这些ngx_connectin_t结构体
	//其实就是连接池
    ngx_connection_t        **files;
    //可用连接池，连接池的第一个void* 指针在这时候用来做next指针，后期实际使用的时候用来存储数据
    ngx_connection_t         *free_connections;
    //可用连接池的总数
    ngx_uint_t                free_connection_n;
	//模块
    ngx_module_t            **modules;
    ngx_uint_t                modules_n;
    ngx_uint_t                modules_used;    /* unsigned  modules_used:1; */
	//可重复使用的连接队列
    ngx_queue_t               reusable_connections_queue;
    ngx_uint_t                reusable_connections_n;
    time_t                    connections_reuse_time;

    ngx_array_t               listening;
    ngx_array_t               paths;

    ngx_array_t               config_dump;
    ngx_rbtree_t              config_dump_rbtree;
    ngx_rbtree_node_t         config_dump_sentinel;

    ngx_list_t                open_files;
    ngx_list_t                shared_memory;

    ngx_uint_t                connection_n;
    ngx_uint_t                files_n;

    ngx_connection_t         *connections;
    ngx_event_t              *read_events;
    ngx_event_t              *write_events;

    ngx_cycle_t              *old_cycle;

    ngx_str_t                 conf_file;
    ngx_str_t                 conf_param;
    ngx_str_t                 conf_prefix;
    ngx_str_t                 prefix;
    ngx_str_t                 error_log;
    ngx_str_t                 lock_file;
    ngx_str_t                 hostname;
};

main入口在nginx.c中：

//在main函数进入之前，请看几个全局变量：

static ngx_uint_t   ngx_show_help;
static ngx_uint_t   ngx_show_version;
static ngx_uint_t   ngx_show_configure;
static u_char      *ngx_prefix;
static u_char      *ngx_error_log;
static u_char      *ngx_conf_file;
static u_char      *ngx_conf_params;
static char        *ngx_signal;
//上面的这几个全局变量用来存储main 中argc的参数，具体可以看ngx_get_options（）函数
int ngx_cdecl main(int argc, char *const *argv)
{
    ngx_buf_t        *b;
    ngx_log_t        *log;
    ngx_uint_t        i;
    ngx_cycle_t      *cycle, init_cycle;
    ngx_conf_dump_t  *cd;
    ngx_core_conf_t  *ccf;

    ngx_debug_init();
    //初始化错误提是列表，以errno为下标，元素就是对应的错误提是信息
    if (ngx_strerror_init() != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }
    //获取命令行参数，保存在全局变量中
    if (ngx_get_options(argc, argv) != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }
    //这个就是前面说的全局变量，如果需要显示版本信息，这里就显示。
    if (ngx_show_version) {
        ngx_show_version_info();

        if (!ngx_test_config) {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    /* TODO */ ngx_max_sockets = -1;
	//时间初始化，具体就是对ngx_times.c中的局部全局变量进行初始化
    ngx_time_init();

#if (NGX_PCRE)
    //正则表达式初始化
    ngx_regex_init();
#endif

    ngx_pid = ngx_getpid();
    ngx_parent = ngx_getppid();

    log = ngx_log_init(ngx_prefix, ngx_error_log);
    if (log == NULL) {
        return 1;
    }

    /* STUB */
#if (NGX_OPENSSL)
    ngx_ssl_init(log);
#endif

    /*
     * init_cycle->log is required for signal handlers and
     * ngx_process_options()
     */
	//初始化init_cycle,整个nginx就是围绕这个上下文展开的
    ngx_memzero(&init_cycle, sizeof(ngx_cycle_t));
    init_cycle.log = log;
    ngx_cycle = &init_cycle;
	//创建一个1024大小的内存池
    init_cycle.pool = ngx_create_pool(1024, log);
    if (init_cycle.pool == NULL) {
        return 1;
    }
	//将命令行参数也保存在init_cycle中，方便后面使用
//	ngx_save_argv(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, int argc, char *const *argv)
//{
//    size_t     len;
//    ngx_int_t  i;

//    ngx_os_argv = (char **) argv;
//    ngx_argc = argc;

//    ngx_argv = ngx_alloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *), cycle->log);
//    if (ngx_argv == NULL) {
//        return NGX_ERROR;
//    }

//    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
//        len = ngx_strlen(argv[i]) + 1;

//        ngx_argv[i] = ngx_alloc(len, cycle->log);
//        if (ngx_argv[i] == NULL) {
//            return NGX_ERROR;
//        }

//        (void) ngx_cpystrn((u_char *) ngx_argv[i], (u_char *) argv[i], len);
//    }
//    ngx_argv[i] = NULL;
//    ngx_os_environ = environ;
//    return NGX_OK;
//}
//将数据存储在ngx_os_argv全局变量中
    if (ngx_save_argv(&init_cycle, argc, argv) != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }
//这里就是用前面main中的全局变量来初始化init_cycle中的，如果没有就用默认参数宏{
//    cycle->conf_prefix.len = len;
//    cycle->conf_prefix.data = p;
//     cycle->prefix.len = len;
//     cycle->prefix.data = p;
//      cycle->conf_file.len = ngx_strlen(ngx_conf_file);
//     cycle->conf_file.data = ngx_conf_file;
//     cycle->error_log.len = ngx_strlen(ngx_error_log); 
//       cycle->error_log.data = ngx_error_log;
//       cycle->conf_param.len = ngx_strlen(ngx_conf_params);
//       cycle->conf_param.data = ngx_conf_params;
//  } 	
    if (ngx_process_options(&init_cycle) != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }
 //根据操作系统获取一些参数，信息保存到一些全局变量中，如页大小ngx_pagesize, CPU cacheline
    if (ngx_os_init(log) != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }

    /*
     * ngx_crc32_table_init() requires ngx_cacheline_size set in ngx_os_init()
     */
//初始化一个做循环冗余校验的表，由此可以看出后续的循环冗余校验将采用高效的查表法
    if (ngx_crc32_table_init() != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }

    /*
     * ngx_slab_sizes_init() requires ngx_pagesize set in ngx_os_init()
     */

    ngx_slab_sizes_init();
//通过环境变量NGINX完成socket的继承，继承来的socket将会放到init_cycle的listening数组中。
//同时可以读取master进程传递的平滑升级信息等等
    if (ngx_add_inherited_sockets(&init_cycle) != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }
//这里开始初始化module，为ngx_modules[]数组中的index编号，就是它在数组中的下标。
//ngx_preinit_modules(void)
//{
//    ngx_uint_t  i;
//    for (i = 0; ngx_modules[i]; i++) {
//        ngx_modules[i]->index = i;
//        ngx_modules[i]->name = ngx_module_names[i];
//    }
//    ngx_modules_n = i;
//    ngx_max_module = ngx_modules_n + NGX_MAX_DYNAMIC_MODULES;

//    return NGX_OK;
//}
    if (ngx_preinit_modules() != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }
//该函数会负责初始化ngx_cycle_t的数据结构，解析配置文件，加载所有模块，代开
//监听端口，初始化进程间通信的方式等工作。
    cycle = ngx_init_cycle(&init_cycle);
    if (cycle == NULL) {
        if (ngx_test_config) {
            ngx_log_stderr(0, "configuration file %s test failed",
                           init_cycle.conf_file.data);
        }

        return 1;
    }

    if (ngx_test_config) {
        if (!ngx_quiet_mode) {
            ngx_log_stderr(0, "configuration file %s test is successful",
                           cycle->conf_file.data);
        }

        if (ngx_dump_config) {
            cd = cycle->config_dump.elts;

            for (i = 0; i < cycle->config_dump.nelts; i++) {

                ngx_write_stdout("# configuration file ");
                (void) ngx_write_fd(ngx_stdout, cd[i].name.data,
                                    cd[i].name.len);
                ngx_write_stdout(":" NGX_LINEFEED);

                b = cd[i].buffer;

                (void) ngx_write_fd(ngx_stdout, b->pos, b->last - b->pos);
                ngx_write_stdout(NGX_LINEFEED);
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }

    if (ngx_signal) {
        return ngx_signal_process(cycle, ngx_signal);
    }

    ngx_os_status(cycle->log);

    ngx_cycle = cycle;

    ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);

    if (ccf->master && ngx_process == NGX_PROCESS_SINGLE) {
        ngx_process = NGX_PROCESS_MASTER;
    }

#if !(NGX_WIN32)

    if (ngx_init_signals(cycle->log) != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }

    if (!ngx_inherited && ccf->daemon) {
        if (ngx_daemon(cycle->log) != NGX_OK) {
            return 1;
        }

        ngx_daemonized = 1;
    }

    if (ngx_inherited) {
        ngx_daemonized = 1;
    }

#endif

    if (ngx_create_pidfile(&ccf->pid, cycle->log) != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }

    if (ngx_log_redirect_stderr(cycle) != NGX_OK) {
        return 1;
    }

    if (log->file->fd != ngx_stderr) {
        if (ngx_close_file(log->file->fd) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          ngx_close_file_n " built-in log failed");
        }
    }

    ngx_use_stderr = 0;

    if (ngx_process == NGX_PROCESS_SINGLE) {
        ngx_single_process_cycle(cycle);

    } else {
        ngx_master_process_cycle(cycle);
    }

    return 0;
}

接下来看一下 ngx_single_process_cycle(cycle)

ngx_single_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
    ngx_uint_t  i;

    if (ngx_set_environment(cycle, NULL) == NULL) {
        /* fatal */
        exit(2);
    }

    for (i = 0; cycle->modules[i]; i++) {
        if (cycle->modules[i]->init_process) {
        //一般只有某一类模块的核心模块才有，
        //ngx_rtmp_init_process和ngx_event_core_module
        //事件模块的初始化非常重要，他做了很多事情,比如htpflv也有
            if (cycle->modules[i]->init_process(cycle) == NGX_ERROR) {
                /* fatal */
                exit(2);
            }
        }
    }

    for ( ;; ) {
        ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "worker cycle");
		//事件主循环
        ngx_process_events_and_timers(cycle);

        if (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit) {

            for (i = 0; cycle->modules[i]; i++) {
                if (cycle->modules[i]->exit_process) {
                    cycle->modules[i]->exit_process(cycle);
                }
            }

            ngx_master_process_exit(cycle);
        }

        if (ngx_reconfigure) {
            ngx_reconfigure = 0;
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");

            cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
            if (cycle == NULL) {
                cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
                continue;
            }

            ngx_cycle = cycle;
        }

        if (ngx_reopen) {
            ngx_reopen = 0;
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
            ngx_reopen_files(cycle, (ngx_uid_t) -1);
        }
    }
}

这里单独介绍一下ngx_event_core_module中的ngx_event_process_init（）

static ngx_int_t
ngx_event_process_init(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
    ngx_uint_t           m, i;
    ngx_event_t         *rev, *wev;
    ngx_listening_t     *ls;
    ngx_connection_t    *c, *next, *old;
    ngx_core_conf_t     *ccf;
    ngx_event_conf_t    *ecf;
    ngx_event_module_t  *module;

    ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
    ecf = ngx_event_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_event_core_module);

//从配置里面获取master进程是否大于1，如果大于1，则要获取accept锁
    if (ccf->master && ccf->worker_processes > 1 && ecf->accept_mutex) {
        ngx_use_accept_mutex = 1;
        ngx_accept_mutex_held = 0;
        ngx_accept_mutex_delay = ecf->accept_mutex_delay;

    } else {
    //不用获取锁
        ngx_use_accept_mutex = 0;
    }

#if (NGX_WIN32)

    /*
     * disable accept mutex on win32 as it may cause deadlock if
     * grabbed by a process which can't accept connections
     */

    ngx_use_accept_mutex = 0;

#endif

    ngx_queue_init(&ngx_posted_accept_events);
    ngx_queue_init(&ngx_posted_next_events);
    ngx_queue_init(&ngx_posted_events);
//初始化红黑树实现的定时器
    if (ngx_event_timer_init(cycle->log) == NGX_ERROR) {
        return NGX_ERROR;
    }

    for (m = 0; cycle->modules[m]; m++) {
        if (cycle->modules[m]->type != NGX_EVENT_MODULE) {
            continue;
        }
//使用use配置项指定的poll模型
        if (cycle->modules[m]->ctx_index != ecf->use) {
            continue;
        }

        module = cycle->modules[m]->ctx;
//使用use指定的poll初始化，具体件epoll中的init
        if (module->actions.init(cycle, ngx_timer_resolution) != NGX_OK) {
            /* fatal */
            exit(2);
        }

        break;
    }

#if !(NGX_WIN32)
//这里设置时间精度
    if (ngx_timer_resolution && !(ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_TIMER_EVENT)) {
        struct sigaction  sa;
        struct itimerval  itv;

        ngx_memzero(&sa, sizeof(struct sigaction));
        sa.sa_handler = ngx_timer_signal_handler;
        sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);

        if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL) == -1) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          "sigaction(SIGALRM) failed");
            return NGX_ERROR;
        }

        itv.it_interval.tv_sec = ngx_timer_resolution / 1000;
        itv.it_interval.tv_usec = (ngx_timer_resolution % 1000) * 1000;
        itv.it_value.tv_sec = ngx_timer_resolution / 1000;
        itv.it_value.tv_usec = (ngx_timer_resolution % 1000 ) * 1000;

        if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          "setitimer() failed");
        }
    }
//预先分配连接池
    if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_FD_EVENT) {
        struct rlimit  rlmt;

        if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlmt) == -1) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          "getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE) failed");
            return NGX_ERROR;
        }

        cycle->files_n = (ngx_uint_t) rlmt.rlim_cur;

        cycle->files = ngx_calloc(sizeof(ngx_connection_t *) * cycle->files_n,
                                  cycle->log);
        if (cycle->files == NULL) {
            return NGX_ERROR;
        }
    }

#else

    if (ngx_timer_resolution && !(ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_TIMER_EVENT)) {
        ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_WARN, cycle->log, 0,
                      "the \"timer_resolution\" directive is not supported "
                      "with the configured event method, ignored");
        ngx_timer_resolution = 0;
    }

#endif
//分配连接池
    cycle->connections =
        ngx_alloc(sizeof(ngx_connection_t) * cycle->connection_n, cycle->log);
    if (cycle->connections == NULL) {
        return NGX_ERROR;
    }

    c = cycle->connections;
//分配读事件
    cycle->read_events = ngx_alloc(sizeof(ngx_event_t) * cycle->connection_n,
                                   cycle->log);
    if (cycle->read_events == NULL) {
        return NGX_ERROR;
    }

    rev = cycle->read_events;
    for (i = 0; i < cycle->connection_n; i++) {
        rev[i].closed = 1;
        rev[i].instance = 1;
    }
//预先分配写事件
    cycle->write_events = ngx_alloc(sizeof(ngx_event_t) * cycle->connection_n,
                                    cycle->log);
    if (cycle->write_events == NULL) {
        return NGX_ERROR;
    }

    wev = cycle->write_events;
    for (i = 0; i < cycle->connection_n; i++) {
        wev[i].closed = 1;
    }

    i = cycle->connection_n;
    next = NULL;
//在connection指向的连接池中，每个connection中将对应下标的读写事件写上去
    do {
        i--;

        c[i].data = next;
        c[i].read = &cycle->read_events[i];
        c[i].write = &cycle->write_events[i];
        c[i].fd = (ngx_socket_t) -1;

        next = &c[i];
    } while (i);

    cycle->free_connections = next;
    cycle->free_connection_n = cycle->connection_n;

    /* for each listening socket */
//开始设置监听端口
    ls = cycle->listening.elts;
    for (i = 0; i < cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {

#if (NGX_HAVE_REUSEPORT)
        if (ls[i].reuseport && ls[i].worker != ngx_worker) {
            continue;
        }
#endif
//获取到一个空闲的连接对象
        c = ngx_get_connection(ls[i].fd, cycle->log);

        if (c == NULL) {
            return NGX_ERROR;
        }

        c->type = ls[i].type;
        c->log = &ls[i].log;

        c->listening = &ls[i];
        ls[i].connection = c;

        rev = c->read;

        rev->log = c->log;
        rev->accept = 1;

#if (NGX_HAVE_DEFERRED_ACCEPT)
        rev->deferred_accept = ls[i].deferred_accept;
#endif

        if (!(ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_IOCP_EVENT)) {
            if (ls[i].previous) {

                /*
                 * delete the old accept events that were bound to
                 * the old cycle read events array
                 */

                old = ls[i].previous->connection;

                if (ngx_del_event(old->read, NGX_READ_EVENT, NGX_CLOSE_EVENT)
                    == NGX_ERROR)
                {
                    return NGX_ERROR;
                }

                old->fd = (ngx_socket_t) -1;
            }
        }

#if (NGX_WIN32)

        if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_IOCP_EVENT) {
            ngx_iocp_conf_t  *iocpcf;

            rev->handler = ngx_event_acceptex;

            if (ngx_use_accept_mutex) {
                continue;
            }

            if (ngx_add_event(rev, 0, NGX_IOCP_ACCEPT) == NGX_ERROR) {
                return NGX_ERROR;
            }

            ls[i].log.handler = ngx_acceptex_log_error;

            iocpcf = ngx_event_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_iocp_module);
            if (ngx_event_post_acceptex(&ls[i], iocpcf->post_acceptex)
                == NGX_ERROR)
            {
                return NGX_ERROR;
            }

        } else {
            rev->handler = ngx_event_accept;

            if (ngx_use_accept_mutex) {
                continue;
            }

            if (ngx_add_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, 0) == NGX_ERROR) {
                return NGX_ERROR;
            }
        }

#else
//将accept事件添加上去
        rev->handler = (c->type == SOCK_STREAM) ? ngx_event_accept
                                                : ngx_event_recvmsg;

#if (NGX_HAVE_REUSEPORT)

        if (ls[i].reuseport) {
            if (ngx_add_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, 0) == NGX_ERROR) {
                return NGX_ERROR;
            }

            continue;
        }

#endif

        if (ngx_use_accept_mutex) {
            continue;
        }

#if (NGX_HAVE_EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)

        if ((ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_EPOLL_EVENT)
            && ccf->worker_processes > 1)
        {
            if (ngx_add_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, NGX_EXCLUSIVE_EVENT)
                == NGX_ERROR)
            {
                return NGX_ERROR;
            }

            continue;
        }

#endif

        if (ngx_add_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, 0) == NGX_ERROR) {
            return NGX_ERROR;
        }

#endif

    }

    return NGX_OK;
}

void
ngx_event_accept(ngx_event_t *ev)
{
    socklen_t          socklen;
    ngx_err_t          err;
    ngx_log_t         *log;
    ngx_uint_t         level;
    ngx_socket_t       s;
    ngx_event_t       *rev, *wev;
    ngx_sockaddr_t     sa;
    ngx_listening_t   *ls;
    ngx_connection_t  *c, *lc;
    ngx_event_conf_t  *ecf;
#if (NGX_HAVE_ACCEPT4)
    static ngx_uint_t  use_accept4 = 1;
#endif

    if (ev->timedout) {
        if (ngx_enable_accept_events((ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle) != NGX_OK) {
            return;
        }

        ev->timedout = 0;
    }

    ecf = ngx_event_get_conf(ngx_cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_event_core_module);

    if (!(ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_KQUEUE_EVENT)) {
        ev->available = ecf->multi_accept;
    }

    lc = ev->data;
    ls = lc->listening;
    ev->ready = 0;

    ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, 0,
                   "accept on %V, ready: %d", &ls->addr_text, ev->available);

    do {
        socklen = sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t);

#if (NGX_HAVE_ACCEPT4)
        if (use_accept4) {
            s = accept4(lc->fd, &sa.sockaddr, &socklen, SOCK_NONBLOCK);
        } else {
            s = accept(lc->fd, &sa.sockaddr, &socklen);
        }
#else
        s = accept(lc->fd, &sa.sockaddr, &socklen);
#endif

        if (s == (ngx_socket_t) -1) {
            err = ngx_socket_errno;

            if (err == NGX_EAGAIN) {
                ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, err,
                               "accept() not ready");
                return;
            }

            level = NGX_LOG_ALERT;

            if (err == NGX_ECONNABORTED) {
                level = NGX_LOG_ERR;

            } else if (err == NGX_EMFILE || err == NGX_ENFILE) {
                level = NGX_LOG_CRIT;
            }

#if (NGX_HAVE_ACCEPT4)
            ngx_log_error(level, ev->log, err,
                          use_accept4 ? "accept4() failed" : "accept() failed");

            if (use_accept4 && err == NGX_ENOSYS) {
                use_accept4 = 0;
                ngx_inherited_nonblocking = 0;
                continue;
            }
#else
            ngx_log_error(level, ev->log, err, "accept() failed");
#endif

            if (err == NGX_ECONNABORTED) {
                if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_KQUEUE_EVENT) {
                    ev->available--;
                }

                if (ev->available) {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if (err == NGX_EMFILE || err == NGX_ENFILE) {
                if (ngx_disable_accept_events((ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle, 1)
                    != NGX_OK)
                {
                    return;
                }

                if (ngx_use_accept_mutex) {
                    if (ngx_accept_mutex_held) {
                        ngx_shmtx_unlock(&ngx_accept_mutex);
                        ngx_accept_mutex_held = 0;
                    }

                    ngx_accept_disabled = 1;

                } else {
                    ngx_add_timer(ev, ecf->accept_mutex_delay);
                }
            }

            return;
        }

#if (NGX_STAT_STUB)
        (void) ngx_atomic_fetch_add(ngx_stat_accepted, 1);
#endif

        ngx_accept_disabled = ngx_cycle->connection_n / 8
                              - ngx_cycle->free_connection_n;

        c = ngx_get_connection(s, ev->log);

        if (c == NULL) {
            if (ngx_close_socket(s) == -1) {
                ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_socket_errno,
                              ngx_close_socket_n " failed");
            }

            return;
        }

        c->type = SOCK_STREAM;

#if (NGX_STAT_STUB)
        (void) ngx_atomic_fetch_add(ngx_stat_active, 1);
#endif

        c->pool = ngx_create_pool(ls->pool_size, ev->log);
        if (c->pool == NULL) {
            ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
            return;
        }

        if (socklen > (socklen_t) sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t)) {
            socklen = sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t);
        }

        c->sockaddr = ngx_palloc(c->pool, socklen);
        if (c->sockaddr == NULL) {
            ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
            return;
        }

        ngx_memcpy(c->sockaddr, &sa, socklen);

        log = ngx_palloc(c->pool, sizeof(ngx_log_t));
        if (log == NULL) {
            ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
            return;
        }

        /* set a blocking mode for iocp and non-blocking mode for others */

        if (ngx_inherited_nonblocking) {
            if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_IOCP_EVENT) {
                if (ngx_blocking(s) == -1) {
                    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_socket_errno,
                                  ngx_blocking_n " failed");
                    ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
                    return;
                }
            }

        } else {
            if (!(ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_IOCP_EVENT)) {
                if (ngx_nonblocking(s) == -1) {
                    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_socket_errno,
                                  ngx_nonblocking_n " failed");
                    ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }

        *log = ls->log;

        c->recv = ngx_recv;
        c->send = ngx_send;
        c->recv_chain = ngx_recv_chain;
        c->send_chain = ngx_send_chain;

        c->log = log;
        c->pool->log = log;

        c->socklen = socklen;
        c->listening = ls;
        c->local_sockaddr = ls->sockaddr;
        c->local_socklen = ls->socklen;

#if (NGX_HAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN)
        if (c->sockaddr->sa_family == AF_UNIX) {
            c->tcp_nopush = NGX_TCP_NOPUSH_DISABLED;
            c->tcp_nodelay = NGX_TCP_NODELAY_DISABLED;
#if (NGX_SOLARIS)
            /* Solaris's sendfilev() supports AF_NCA, AF_INET, and AF_INET6 */
            c->sendfile = 0;
#endif
        }
#endif

        rev = c->read;
        wev = c->write;

        wev->ready = 1;

        if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_IOCP_EVENT) {
            rev->ready = 1;
        }

        if (ev->deferred_accept) {
            rev->ready = 1;
#if (NGX_HAVE_KQUEUE || NGX_HAVE_EPOLLRDHUP)
            rev->available = 1;
#endif
        }

        rev->log = log;
        wev->log = log;

        /*
         * TODO: MT: - ngx_atomic_fetch_add()
         *             or protection by critical section or light mutex
         *
         * TODO: MP: - allocated in a shared memory
         *           - ngx_atomic_fetch_add()
         *             or protection by critical section or light mutex
         */

        c->number = ngx_atomic_fetch_add(ngx_connection_counter, 1);

        c->start_time = ngx_current_msec;

#if (NGX_STAT_STUB)
        (void) ngx_atomic_fetch_add(ngx_stat_handled, 1);
#endif

        if (ls->addr_ntop) {
            c->addr_text.data = ngx_pnalloc(c->pool, ls->addr_text_max_len);
            if (c->addr_text.data == NULL) {
                ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
                return;
            }

            c->addr_text.len = ngx_sock_ntop(c->sockaddr, c->socklen,
                                             c->addr_text.data,
                                             ls->addr_text_max_len, 0);
            if (c->addr_text.len == 0) {
                ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
                return;
            }
        }

#if (NGX_DEBUG)
        {
        ngx_str_t  addr;
        u_char     text[NGX_SOCKADDR_STRLEN];

        ngx_debug_accepted_connection(ecf, c);

        if (log->log_level & NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT) {
            addr.data = text;
            addr.len = ngx_sock_ntop(c->sockaddr, c->socklen, text,
                                     NGX_SOCKADDR_STRLEN, 1);

            ngx_log_debug3(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, log, 0,
                           "*%uA accept: %V fd:%d", c->number, &addr, s);
        }

        }
#endif

        if (ngx_add_conn && (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_EPOLL_EVENT) == 0) {
            if (ngx_add_conn(c) == NGX_ERROR) {
                ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
                return;
            }
        }

        log->data = NULL;
        log->handler = NULL;
//每个监听端口都会设置一个回调，这里就可以区别是调用http还是rtmp,还是mail
ngx_mail_init_connection 
ngx_rtmp_init_connection
ngx_http_init_connection
        ls->handler(c);

        if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_KQUEUE_EVENT) {
            ev->available--;
        }

    } while (ev->available);
}