python | 基本数据类型函数

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Sequence

Operations on Any Sequence

Operation Name	Operator	Explanation
indexing	[ ]	Access an element of a sequence
concatenation	+	Combine sequences together
repetition	*	Concatenate a repeated number of times
membership	in	Ask whether an item is in a sequence
length	len	Ask the number of items in the sequence
slicing	[ : ]	Extract a part of a sequence

List

Methods Provided by Lists

Method Name	Use	Explanation
append	a_list.append(item)	Adds a new item to the end of a list
insert	a_list.insert(i,item)	Inserts an item at the i^th position in a list
pop	a_list.pop()	Removes and returns the last item in a list
pop	a_list.pop(i)	Removes and returns the i^th item in a list
sort	a_list.sort()	Modifies a list to be sorted
reverse	a_list.reverse()	Modifies a list to be in reverse order
del	del a_list[i]	Deletes the item in the $$i^{t}h$$ position
index	a_list.index(item)	Returns the index of the first occurrence of item
count	a_list.count(item)	Returns the number of occurrences of item
remove	a_list.remove(item)	Removes the first occurrence of item

String

Methods Provided by Strings

Method Name	Use	Explanation
center	a_string.center(w)	Returns a string centered in a field of size w
count	a_string.count(item)	Returns the number of occurrences of item in the string
ljust	a_string.ljust(w)	Returns a string left-justified in a field of size w
lower	a_string.lower()	Returns a string in all lowercase
rjust	a_string.rjust(w)	Returns a string right-justified in a field of size w
find	a_string.find(item)	Returns the index of the first occurrence of item
split	a_string.split(s_char)	Splits a string into substrings at s_char

Set

Operations on a Set

Operator	Use	Explanation
in	x.in(set)	Set membership
len	len(set)	Returns the cardinality (i.e. the length) of the set
|	set1 | set2	Returns a new set with all elements from both sets
&	set1& set2	Returns a new set with only the elements common to both sets
-	set1 - set2	Returns a new set with all items from the first set not in second
<=	set1<=set2	Asks whether all elements of the first set are in the second

Methods Provided by Sets

Method Name	Use	Explanation
union	set1.union(set2)	Returns a new set with all elements from both sets
intersection	set1.intersection(set2)	Returns a new set with only the elements common to both sets
difference	set1.difference(set2)	Returns a new set with all items from first set not in second
issubset	set1.issubset(set2)	Asks whether all elements of one set are in the other
add	set.add(item)	Adds item to the set
remove	set.remove(item)	Removes item from the set
pop	set.pop()	Removes an arbitrary element from the set
clear	set.clear()	Removes all elements from the set

Dict

Operators Provided by Dictionaries

Operator	Use	Explanation
[]	my_dict[k]	Returns the value associated with k, error otherwise
in	key in my_dict	Returns True if key is in the dictionary, False otherwise
del	del my_dict[key]	Removes the entry from the dictionary

Methods Provided by Dictionaries

Method Name	Use	Explanation
keys	my_dict.keys()	Returns the keys of the dictionary in a dict_keys object
values	my_dict.values()	Returns the values of the dictionary in a dict_values object
items	my_dict.items()	Returns the key-value pairs in a dict_items object
get	my_dict.get(k)	Returns the value associated with k, None otherwise
get	my_dict.get(k,alt)	Returns the value associated with k, alt otherwise