一、倒数门闩CountDownLatch
CountDownLatch是基于AbstractQueuedSynchronizer(AQS,抽象队列同步器)实现的。
- CountDownLatch的使用
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 定义一个变量result,初始化为0
* 创建100个线程,每个线程都对result变量进行100次加1操作
* 最后在主线程中输出result的值(正确的值应为10000)
* @author IT00ZYQ
* @Date 2021/3/4 11:05
**/
public class T03_CountDownLatch {
private static int COUNT = 100;
private static AtomicInteger result = new AtomicInteger();
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 倒数门闩,需要count为0时才能通过
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(COUNT);
Thread[] threads = new Thread[COUNT];
// 创建COUNT个线程
for (int i = 1; i <= COUNT; i++) {
int t = i;
threads[i - 1] = new Thread(() -> {
for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
result.incrementAndGet();
}
System.out.println("执行倒数, 当前线程: " + t);
// 每个线程执行完成后,都会对latch进行减1操作
latch.countDown();
});
}
// 启动COUNT个线程
for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++) {
threads[i].start();
}
try {
// 添加门闩,只有countdown为0时才能通过
// 因为CountDownLatch的初始值为100,
// 且每个线程执行完成后只会执行一次countDown();操作
// 所以这里只有上面100个线程都执行完成才会继续往下执行
latch.await();
System.out.println("CountDownLatch倒数结束,阀门开启");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 因为有latch.await(),可以保证100个线程都已执行完成,这里的结果是正确的
System.out.println("atomicInteger = " + result);
}
}
二、信号量Semaphore
Semaphore是基于AbstractQueuedSynchronizer(AQS,抽象队列同步器)实现的。
- Semaphore的使用
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
/**
* @author IT00ZYQ
* @Date 2021/3/4 11:36
**/
public class T05_Semaphore {
/**
* 信号量,只有信号量大于0时才能拿到锁
*/
static Semaphore s = new Semaphore(4);
static void testRun() {
try {
// 拿到锁需要的信号量,默认为1
s.acquire();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "成功获取信号量");
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "运行结束,释放信号量");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放信号量
s.release();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> testRun(), "t1").start();
new Thread(() -> testRun(), "t2").start();
new Thread(() -> testRun(), "t3").start();
new Thread(() -> testRun(), "t4").start();
new Thread(() -> testRun(), "t5").start();
}
}
运行结果:
t1成功获取信号量
t2成功获取信号量
t3成功获取信号量
t4成功获取信号量
t1运行结束,释放信号量
t5成功获取信号量
t2运行结束,释放信号量
t3运行结束,释放信号量
t4运行结束,释放信号量
t5运行结束,释放信号量
Process finished with exit code 0
因为信号量只有4,每个线程的运行都需要获取1个信号量,所有第5个线程必须等待有线程释放了信号量才能开始运行。
三、读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock
ReentrantReadWriteLock是基于两个AQS实现的,ReadLock与WriteLock是两个不同的AQS。
- ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用
import juc.utils.SleepUtil;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
/**
* @author IT00ZYQ
* @Date 2021/3/4 11:24
**/
public class T06_ReadWriteLock {
/**
* 读写锁
* 读锁是共享锁
* 写锁是排他锁
*/
static ReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
static Lock readLock = readWriteLock.readLock();
static Lock writeLock = readWriteLock.writeLock();
static void read(Lock lock) {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始Read操作");
SleepUtil.sleepSecond(5);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "Read操作结束");
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
static void write(Lock lock) {
lock.lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始Write操作");
SleepUtil.sleepSecond(3);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "Write操作结束");
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> read(readLock), "Read-01").start();
new Thread(() -> read(readLock), "Read-02").start();
new Thread(() -> write(writeLock), "Write-01").start();
new Thread(() -> write(writeLock), "Write-02").start();
new Thread(() -> read(readLock), "Read-03").start();
new Thread(() -> read(readLock), "Read-04").start();
}
}
运行结果:
Read-01开始Read操作
Read-02开始Read操作
Read-02Read操作结束
Read-01Read操作结束
Write-01开始Write操作
Write-01Write操作结束
Write-02开始Write操作
Write-02Write操作结束
Read-03开始Read操作
Read-04开始Read操作
Read-04Read操作结束
Read-03Read操作结束
Process finished with exit code 0
分析运行结果,一个写操作的开始到写操作结束,不会有其他的读操作或写操作;而多个读操作是不会相互影响的。简单来说,读锁是共享锁,写锁是排他锁。
四、线程阻塞工具LockSupport
类似于同步代码块中的wait()
与notify()
,LockSupport中有park()
与unpark()
,主要用户线程间通信。底层调用了Unsafe类中的方法。
- LockSupport的使用
package juc;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
/**
* @author IT00ZYQ
* @Date 2021/3/4 15:34
**/
public class T07_LockSupport {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("t1线程: " + i);
if (i == 5) {
System.out.println("线程t1 park()等待线程t2运行结束...");
// 停车
LockSupport.park();
}
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("t2线程: " + i);
}
System.out.println("线程t2运行结束, unPark() t1...");
LockSupport.unpark(t1);
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
运行结果:
1线程: 0
t1线程: 1
t1线程: 2
t2线程: 0
t1线程: 3
t2线程: 1
t2线程: 2
t2线程: 3
t2线程: 4
t2线程: 5
t2线程: 6
t2线程: 7
t2线程: 8
t1线程: 4
t1线程: 5
t2线程: 9
线程t2运行结束, unPark() t1...
线程t1 park()等待线程t2运行结束...
t1线程: 6
t1线程: 7
t1线程: 8
t1线程: 9
Process finished with exit code 0
t1线程运行到i = 5
时,调用了park()
方法,此时线程1会进入WAIT状态,等待t2线程对t1线程进行unpark()
之后t1线程才能继续运行。所以这里的t2线程打印完最后一个数9之后,t1线程才有可能打印 6~9 的数。