python列表的插入与删除方法

1.index()方法在列表中查找值

存在则显示下标，

不存在会导致ValueError错误

>>> spam = ['hello', 'hi', 'howdy', 'heyas']
>>> spam.index('hello')
0
>>> spam.index('heyas')
3
>>> spam.index('howdy howdy howdy')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#31>", line 1, in <module>
spam.index('howdy howdy howdy')
ValueError: 'howdy howdy howdy' is not in list

2.用 append()和 insert()方法在列表中添加值

append() 添加在列表末尾

insert(index,“String”) 在指定位置添加

>>> spam = ['cat', 'dog', 'bat']
>>> spam.append('moose')
>>> spam
['cat', 'dog', 'bat', 'moose']

>>> spam = ['cat', 'dog', 'bat']
>>> spam.insert(1, 'chicken')
>>> spam
['cat', 'chicken', 'dog', 'bat']

3.用 remove()方法从列表中删除值

删除列表中指定值

不存在会导致ValueError错误

>>> spam = ['cat', 'bat', 'rat', 'elephant']
>>> spam.remove('bat')
>>> spam
['cat', 'rat', 'elephant']

>>> spam = ['cat', 'bat', 'rat', 'elephant']
>>> spam.remove('chicken')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#11>", line 1, in <module>
spam.remove('chicken')
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list

如果该值出现多次，只有第一次出现的值会被删除

>>> spam = ['cat', 'bat', 'rat', 'cat', 'hat', 'cat']
>>> spam.remove('cat')
>>> spam
['bat', 'rat', 'cat', 'hat', 'cat']

4.用 sort()方法将列表中的值排序

sort()方法可以给列表排序

>>> spam = [2, 5, 3.14, 1, -7]
>>> spam.sort()
>>> spam
[-7, 1, 2, 3.14, 5]
>>> spam = ['ants', 'cats', 'dogs', 'badgers', 'elephants']
>>> spam.sort()
>>> spam
['ants', 'badgers', 'cats', 'dogs', 'elephants']

排序默认为正序，如果要逆序，则可以指定关键字reverse，值为True

>>> spam.sort(reverse=True)
>>> spam
['elephants', 'dogs', 'cats', 'badgers', 'ants']

• 注意：排序按照ASCLL自负顺序排序，非字典顺序

• 如果按字典顺序，则设置关键字key，值为str.lower

>>> spam = ['a', 'z', 'A', 'Z']
>>> spam.sort(key=str.lower)
>>> spam
['a', 'A', 'z', 'Z']