享元模式
• Connection是Java和数据库两个平行系统的桥梁
• 桥梁构建不易,成本很高,单次使用成本昂贵
• 运用共享技术来实现数据库连接池(享元模式)
—降低系统中数据库连接Connection对象的数量
– 降低数据库服务器的连接响应消耗
– 提高Connection获取的响应速度
第三方数据库连接池
有两种,一种是C3P0,另一种是Druid,
而配置C3P0连接池有两种方式,
一种是直接在程序中配置,
另一种是在XML文件中配置,
同样,配置Druid连接池也有两种方法,
一种是在程序中配置,
另一种在properties文件中配置。
配置创建连接池C3P0:
public class C3p0Factory1 {
private static ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = null;
public static void init() throws Exception {
dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass( "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver" );
dataSource.setJdbcUrl( "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC" );
dataSource.setUser("root");
dataSource.setPassword("123456");
// the settings below are optional -- c3p0 can work with defaults
dataSource.setMinPoolSize(5);
dataSource.setAcquireIncrement(5);
dataSource.setMaxPoolSize(20);
// The DataSource dataSource is now a fully configured and usable pooled DataSource
}
public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
if(null == dataSource)
{
init();
}
return dataSource.getConnection();
}
}
主类调用:
public class SelectTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
Connection conn = null;
try {
//从c3p0获取连接;
conn = C3p0Factory1.getConnection();
//构建数据库执行者
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
System.out.println("创建Statement成功");
//执行SQL语句并返回结果到ResultSet
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select bookid, bookname, price from t_book order by bookid");
//开始遍历ResultSet数据
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1) + "," + rs.getString(2) + "," + rs.getInt("price"));
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if(null != conn) {
conn.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
这里要把C3P0和Druid的dependency复制到pom.xml文件中,
com.mchange
c3p0
0.9.5.2
com.alibaba
druid
1.1.10
第二种配置C3P0连接池的方式:
public class C3p0Factory2 {
private static ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = null;
public static void init() throws Exception {
dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
//dataSource 自动加载c3p0-config.xml文件
// The DataSource dataSource is now a fully configured and usable pooled DataSource
}
public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
if(null == dataSource)
{
init();
}
return dataSource.getConnection();
}
}
而C3P0的xml文件则配置了连接池各项参数,在程序中只要把文件内容加载就可;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><default-config> <!-- 默认配置 -->
<property name="driverClass">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC</property>
<property name="user">root</property>
<property name="password">123456</property>
<property name="initialPoolSize">5</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">20</property>
</default-config>
• driverClass驱动class,这里为mysql的驱动
• jdbcUrljdbc链接
• userpassword数据库用户名密码
• initialPoolSize初始数量:一开始创建多少条链接
• maxPoolSize最大数:最多有多少条链接
• acquireIncrement增量:用完每次增加多少个
• maxIdleTime最大空闲时间:超出的链接会被抛
Druid
这里Druid的配置与C3P0大部分一致;
public class DruidFactory1 {
private static DruidDataSource dataSource = null;
public static void init() throws Exception {
dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUsername("root");
dataSource.setPassword("123456");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC");
dataSource.setInitialSize(5);
dataSource.setMinIdle(1);
dataSource.setMaxActive(10);
// 启用监控统计功能dataSource.setFilters("stat");//
}
public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {//连接池通过此函数与外部连接
if(null == dataSource)
{
init();//执行第9行的函数
}
return dataSource.getConnection();
}
}