Windows下如何检测文件是被哪个进程占用了

Windws下如何检测文件是被哪个进程占用了

通过Windows的Restart ManagerAPIs可以实现文件被占用的查询。Restart Manager是Windows下用以实现Installer的APIs，详细请看Windows Restart Manager 重启管理器。

C++ 实现：
这里是根据博客(How do I find out which process has a file open?)进行了细微的修改，详细情况可进入博客了解。

#include <windows.h>
#include <RestartManager.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int __cdecl wmain(int argc, WCHAR** argv)
{
	DWORD dwSession = 0;
	WCHAR szSessionKey[CCH_RM_SESSION_KEY + 1];
	DWORD dwError = RmStartSession(&dwSession, 0, szSessionKey);
	if (dwError != ERROR_SUCCESS)
	{
		wprintf(L"RmStartSession Start Error, ErrorCode: %d\n", dwError);
		getchar();
	}

	PCWSTR pszFile = argv[1];
	dwError = RmRegisterResources(dwSession, 1, &pszFile, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
	if (dwError != ERROR_SUCCESS)
	{
		wprintf(L"RmRegisterResources for File %ls Error, ErrorCode: %d\n", pszFile, dwError);
		getchar();
	}

	DWORD dwReason = 0;
	UINT i = 0;
	UINT nProcInfoNeeded = 0;
	UINT nProcInfo = 10;
	RM_PROCESS_INFO rgpi[10];
	memset(rgpi, 0, sizeof(rgpi));
	dwError = RmGetList(dwSession, &nProcInfoNeeded, &nProcInfo, rgpi, &dwReason);
	if (dwError != ERROR_SUCCESS)
	{
		wprintf(L"RmGetList Error, ErrorCode: %d\n", dwError);
		getchar();
	}

	if (nProcInfoNeeded == 0)
	{
		wprintf(L"This file is not in locked!");
		getchar();
	}

	for (i = 0; i < nProcInfo; i++)
	{
		wprintf(L"The locked file: %ls\n\n", pszFile);
		wprintf(L"Who lock this file:\n");
		wprintf(L"Name: \t%ls\n", rgpi[i].strAppName);
		wprintf(L"ID  : \t%d\n", rgpi[i].Process.dwProcessId);


		HANDLE hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, FALSE, rgpi[i].Process.dwProcessId);

		if (hProcess)
		{
			// 这个if语句是为了判断是否是某个程序的某个进程(因为一个程序可以有多个进程)
			FILETIME ftCreate, ftExit, ftKernel, ftUser;
			if (GetProcessTimes(hProcess, &ftCreate, &ftExit, &ftKernel, &ftUser)
				&& CompareFileTime(&rgpi[i].Process.ProcessStartTime, &ftCreate) == 0)
			{
				WCHAR sz[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
				DWORD ProcPathMaxLength = MAX_PATH;
				if (QueryFullProcessImageNameW(hProcess, 0, sz, &ProcPathMaxLength) && ProcPathMaxLength <= MAX_PATH)
				{
					wprintf(L"Path: \t%ls\n", sz);
				}
			}

			wprintf(L"\n");
			CloseHandle(hProcess);
		}
	}

	RmEndSession(dwSession);

	getchar();

	return 0;
}

注意，编译时需要在链接项里的附加库目录加上Rstrtmgr.dll，在链接项的附加依赖项加上Rstrtmgr.lib。

C#实现：
C#实现是根据StarkOverflow上的答案改编来的。

static public class FileUtil
{
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    struct RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS
    {
        public int dwProcessId;
        public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME ProcessStartTime;
    }

    const int RmRebootReasonNone = 0;
    const int CCH_RM_MAX_APP_NAME = 255;
    const int CCH_RM_MAX_SVC_NAME = 63;

    enum RM_APP_TYPE
    {
        RmUnknownApp = 0,
        RmMainWindow = 1,
        RmOtherWindow = 2,
        RmService = 3,
        RmExplorer = 4,
        RmConsole = 5,
        RmCritical = 1000
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    struct RM_PROCESS_INFO
    {
        public RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS Process;

        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCH_RM_MAX_APP_NAME + 1)]
        public string strAppName;

        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCH_RM_MAX_SVC_NAME + 1)]
        public string strServiceShortName;

        public RM_APP_TYPE ApplicationType;
        public uint AppStatus;
        public uint TSSessionId;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        public bool bRestartable;
    }

    [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    static extern int RmRegisterResources(uint pSessionHandle,
                                          UInt32 nFiles,
                                          string[] rgsFilenames,
                                          UInt32 nApplications,
                                          [In] RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS[] rgApplications,
                                          UInt32 nServices,
                                          string[] rgsServiceNames);

    [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    static extern int RmStartSession(out uint pSessionHandle, int dwSessionFlags, string strSessionKey);

    [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll")]
    static extern int RmEndSession(uint pSessionHandle);

    [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll")]
    static extern int RmGetList(uint dwSessionHandle,
                                out uint pnProcInfoNeeded,
                                ref uint pnProcInfo,
                                [In, Out] RM_PROCESS_INFO[] rgAffectedApps,
                                ref uint lpdwRebootReasons);

    /// <summary>
    /// Find out what process(es) have a lock on the specified file.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="path">Path of the file.</param>
    /// <returns>Processes locking the file</returns>
    /// <remarks>See also:
    /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa373661(v=vs.85).aspx
    /// http://wyupdate.googlecode.com/svn-history/r401/trunk/frmFilesInUse.cs (no copyright in code at time of viewing)
    /// 
    /// </remarks>
    static public List<Process> WhoIsLocking(string path)
    {
        uint handle;
        string key = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
        List<Process> processes = new List<Process>();

        int res = RmStartSession(out handle, 0, key);

        if (res != 0)
            throw new Exception("Could not begin restart session.  Unable to determine file locker.");

        try
        {
            const int ERROR_MORE_DATA = 234;
            uint pnProcInfoNeeded = 0,
                 pnProcInfo = 0,
                 lpdwRebootReasons = RmRebootReasonNone;

            string[] resources = new string[] { path }; // Just checking on one resource.

            res = RmRegisterResources(handle, (uint)resources.Length, resources, 0, null, 0, null);

            if (res != 0) 
                throw new Exception("Could not register resource.");                                    

            //Note: there's a race condition here -- the first call to RmGetList() returns
            //      the total number of process. However, when we call RmGetList() again to get
            //      the actual processes this number may have increased.
            res = RmGetList(handle, out pnProcInfoNeeded, ref pnProcInfo, null, ref lpdwRebootReasons);

            if (res == ERROR_MORE_DATA)
            {
                // Create an array to store the process results
                RM_PROCESS_INFO[] processInfo = new RM_PROCESS_INFO[pnProcInfoNeeded];
                pnProcInfo = pnProcInfoNeeded;

                // Get the list
                res = RmGetList(handle, out pnProcInfoNeeded, ref pnProcInfo, processInfo, ref lpdwRebootReasons);

                if (res == 0)
                {
                    processes = new List<Process>((int)pnProcInfo);

                    // Enumerate all of the results and add them to the 
                    // list to be returned
                    for (int i = 0; i < pnProcInfo; i++)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            processes.Add(Process.GetProcessById(processInfo[i].Process.dwProcessId));
                        }
                        // catch the error -- in case the process is no longer running
                        catch (ArgumentException) { }
                    }
                }
                else
                    throw new Exception("Could not list processes locking resource.");                    
            }
            else if (res != 0)
                throw new Exception("Could not list processes locking resource. Failed to get size of result.");                    
        }
        finally
        {
            RmEndSession(handle);
        }

        return processes;
    }
}