python状态机实现

序言：
状态机模式是一种编程中非常好用的过程控制模型。

基类

import abc


class StateMachine(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    STATE_START = 1

    STATE_WAIT = 98
    STATE_ERROR = 99
    STATE_FINISH = 100

    STATE_END = 1000

    def __init__(self):
        self.startState = 0
        self.endStates = set()
        self.handlers = {}
        self._init_state()

    def _init_state(self):
        self.add_state(self.STATE_START, self.start, False)
        self.add_state(self.STATE_END, self.end, True)

    def add_state(self, state, handler, end=False):
        self.handlers[state] = handler
        if end:
            self.endStates.add(state)

    def add_states(self, handlers):
        for each in handlers:

            self.add_state(*each)

    def run(self, cargo, state=0):
        self.__set_start(state)

        return self.__run(cargo)

    def __set_start(self, state):
        if state >= self.STATE_START:
            self.startState = state
        else:
            self.startState = self.STATE_START

    def __run(self, cargo):

        def __handler_transfer(_handler):
            _state = _handler(cargo)
            if _state in self.endStates:
                return _state
            return __handler_transfer(self.handlers[_state])

        try:
            handler = self.handlers[self.startState]
        except KeyError:
            raise UnboundLocalError(f"state {self.startState} no have handler")
        if not self.endStates:
            raise UnboundLocalError("Need at least one endState")

        __handler_transfer(handler)

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def start(self, cargo):
        """必须要起始函数"""
        return self.STATE_END

    def end(self, cargo):
        """必须要结束函数"""
        return self.STATE_END

实现

我们模拟一个人的一天来深刻理解状态机

• 1.首先定义Person对象

  class Person:
      def __init__(self, name="靓仔", state=0):
          self.name = name
          self.state = state
  

• 2.定义一个打印状态的装饰器

  def process_print(func):
      def inner(*args):
          task = args[1]
          print(f"{task.name} handler执行前状态: {task.state}")
          res = func(*args)
          print(f"{task.name} handler执行后状态: {task.state}")
          return res
  
      return inner
  

• 3.实现状态机

  import time
  
  class PersonStateMachine(StateMachine):
      GET_UP = 2
      WASH = 3
      EAT = 5
      WORK = 6
      SLEEP = 7
      HOME = 8
  
      def __init__(self):
          super().__init__()
          self.add_states(
              [
                  (self.GET_UP, self.get_up, 0),
                  (self.WASH, self.wash, 0),
                  (self.EAT, self.eat, 0),
                  (self.WORK, self.work, 0),
                  (self.SLEEP, self.sleep, 0),
                  (self.HOME, self.home, 0),
              ]
          )
  
      @process_print
      def start(self, cargo):
          cargo.state = self.GET_UP
          print("start ing")
          return cargo.state
  
      def get_up(self, cargo):
          cargo.state = self.WASH
          print("起床 ing")
          time.sleep(5)
          return cargo.state
  
      @process_print
      def wash(self, cargo):
          cargo.state = self.EAT
          print("洗漱 ing")
          time.sleep(5)
          return cargo.state
  
      @process_print
      def eat(self, cargo):
          cargo.state = self.WORK
          print("吃饭 ing")
          time.sleep(5)
          return cargo.state
  
      @process_print
      def work(self, cargo):
          cargo.state = self.SLEEP
          print("工作 ing")
          time.sleep(5)
          return cargo.state
  
      @process_print
      def sleep(self, cargo):
          cargo.state = self.HOME
          print("睡觉 ing")
          time.sleep(5)
          return cargo.state
  
      @process_print
      def home(self, cargo):
          cargo.state = self.STATE_END
          print("回家 ing")
          time.sleep(5)
          return cargo.state
  
  

  • 4.执行

    if __name__ == "__main__":
    	p_state = PersonStateMachine()
    	p = Person()
    	p_state.run(p)
    

• 5.打印

  DEMO handler执行前状态: 0
  start ing
  DEMO handler执行后状态: 2
  起床 ing
  DEMO handler执行前状态: 3
  洗漱 ing
  DEMO handler执行后状态: 5
  DEMO handler执行前状态: 5
  吃饭 ing
  DEMO handler执行后状态: 6
  DEMO handler执行前状态: 6
  工作 ing
  DEMO handler执行后状态: 7
  DEMO handler执行前状态: 7
  睡觉 ing
  DEMO handler执行后状态: 8
  DEMO handler执行前状态: 8
  回家 ing
  DEMO handler执行后状态: 1000