http chunked

最近关注到一个HTTP/1.1的chunked, 说的是分块传输，这篇做个总结吧

• 前言
  一般在HTTP API设计时，返回的参数或json或xml亦或是一个静态文件, 他们的Content-Length响应头总是确定的，所以浏览器接受到API返回后,接收完Content-Length中定义的长度字节后开始解析页面，针对大文件比如超过1个G的，此种方式肯定不可取，因为接受完整个返回的时间可能超过用户的无感时间，又或者是一个不能预先确定报文体的长度的返回，不可能在头中包含Content-Length域来指明报文体长度，那么解决方式就是Transfer-Encoding: chunked

• chunked原理
  浏览器不需要等到内容字节全部下载完成,只要接收到一个chunked块就可解析页面
  chunked编码将大块数据分解成多块小数据，每块指定长度。
  以BNF文法描述其格式如下 from RFC2616

  Chunked-Body   = *chunk
                   last-chunk
                   trailer
                   CRLF
  
  chunk          = chunk-size [ chunk-extension ] CRLF
                   chunk-data CRLF
  chunk-size     = 1*HEX
  last-chunk     = 1*("0") [ chunk-extension ] CRLF
  
  chunk-extension= *( ";" chunk-ext-name [ "=" chunk-ext-val ] )
  chunk-ext-name = token
  chunk-ext-val  = token | quoted-string
  chunk-data     = chunk-size(OCTET)
  trailer        = *(entity-header CRLF)
  

  承上-简单格式上形如: [Chunk大小][回车][Chunk数据体][回车][Chunk大小][回车][Chunk数据体][回车][0][回车]

• chunked报文范例

  找了一个网址支持chunked的文章末尾取地址，wireshark报文如下

  GET /yrwHcjSl0MgCo2Kml5_Y_D3/api/customsearch/apiaccept?sid=10742016945123576423&v=2.0&callback=csdn.afterBaiduSearchInit HTTP/1.1
  Host: gsp0.baidu.com
  Connection: keep-alive
  Cache-Control: max-age=0
  Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
  User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.99 Safari/537.36
  Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
  Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
  Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8
  Cookie: PSTM=1646097748; BIDUPSID=5832D3D4FD5494065CD8EACE5E75B23D; BAIDUID=B9A20FFE4D774186F1D279C2B39B0C59:FG=1; BDORZ=B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598; H_PS_PSSID=36465_36455_34812_36420_36165_36487_36074_36055_36265_26350_36299_36469_22159_36447; BA_HECTOR=0h20a18ga1042181a01h8u5o514; delPer=0; PSINO=6
  
  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  Content-Type: application/javascript
  Date: Thu, 26 May 2022 06:05:34 GMT
  Server: Apache
  Tracecode: 03346757942724521226052614
  Transfer-Encoding: chunked
  
  f36
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  0
  

  可以看到报文中的f36 2890 b50 ed7 0 这几个16进制数字, 代表的就是chunked的长度， 格式上是16进制长度+换行符\n， 0表示结尾，这样浏览器或者其他终端可以接受一块解析一块

  
  http://gsp0.baidu.com/yrwHcjSl0MgCo2Kml5_Y_D3/api/customsearch/apiaccept?sid=10742016945123576423&v=2.0&callback=csdn.afterBaiduSearchInit