linux企业实战----keepalived

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-26 21:30:00 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-04-26 21:30:00 发布
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分类专栏： linux企业实战
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43384009/article/details/104430448
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目录标题

1. keepalived是什么

  keepalived起初是为lvs设计的，专门用来监控集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，如果某个服务器节点出现异常，或者工作出现故障，keepalived将检测到，并将出现故障的服务器节点从集群系统中剔除，这些工作全部是自动完成的，不需要人工干涉，需要人工完成的只是修复出现故障的服务节点。

2. keepalived工作原理

  keepalived是以vppr协议为实现基础的，vrrp全程virtual router redundancy protocol，即虚拟路由冗余协议。
  虚拟路由冗余协议，可以认为是实现路由器高可用的协议，即将N台提供相同功能的路由器组成一个路由器组，这个组里面有一个master和多个backup，master上面由一个对外提供服务的vip（该路由器所在局域网内其它机器的默认路由为vip），master会发组播，当backup收不到vrrp包时就认为master宕掉了，这时就需要根据vrrp的优先级来选举一个backup当master。这样的话就可以保证路由器的高可用了。

3. keepalived高可用故障切换转义原理

  keepalived高可用服务对之间的故障切换转移，是通过vrrp（virtul redundancy protocol），虚拟路由冗余协议来实现的。
  在keepalived服务正常工作时，主master节点会不断向备节点发送（多播的方式）心跳信息，用以告诉备backup节点自己还活着，当主master节点发生故障时，就无法发送心跳信息，备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主master节点的心跳了，于是调用自身的接管程序，接管主master节点的ip资源及服务。而当主master节点恢复时，备backup节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的ip资源及服务，恢复到原来的备用角色。

4. 安装keepalived

源码编译

[root@server1 ~]# tar zxf keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz 
[root@server1 ~]# ls
bansys.zip                       keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz
jemalloc-3.6.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  ldirectord-3.9.5-3.1.x86_64.rpm
keepalived-2.0.20                varnish-6.3.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@server1 keepalived-2.0.20]# yum install gcc -y
[root@server1 keepalived-2.0.20]# yum install openssl-devel -y
[root@server1 keepalived-2.0.20]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-init=systemd
如果显示yes说明安装成功
Use IPVS Framework       : Yes
[root@server1 keepalived-2.0.20]# make && make install  # 安装

同时在server4上也做一遍

[root@server4 ~]# tar zxf keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz 
[root@server4 ~]#  yum install gcc -y
[root@server4 ~]# yum install openssl-devel -y
[root@server4 keepalived-2.0.20]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-init=systemd
[root@server4 keepalived-2.0.20]# make && make install

做好软连接

[root@server1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@server1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/ /etc/
[root@server1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/

[root@server4 keepalived-2.0.20]# 
[root@server4 keepalived-2.0.20]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@server4 keepalived-2.0.20]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/ /etc/
[root@server4 keepalived-2.0.20]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/

配置keepalived

[root@server1 keepalived]# systemctl stop ldirectord
[root@server1 keepalived]# systemctl disable ldirectord
ldirectord.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig ldirectord off

[root@server1 ~]# ip addr del 172.25.60.100/32 dev eth0
[root@server1 ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:a9:ae:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.25.60.253/24 brd 172.25.60.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fea9:aef7/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@server1 etc]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@server1 keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf  samples

[root@server1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   # vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.25.60.100
    }
}

virtual_server 172.25.60.100 80 {
    delay_loop 3
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 172.25.60.2 80 {
	TCP_CHECK{
		weight 1
		connect_port 80
		connect_timeout 3
	}
     }

    real_server 172.25.60.3 80 {
         TCP_CHECK{
                 weight 1
                 connect_port 80
                 connect_timeout 3
         }
      }
}

命令解释：
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

[root@server1 keepalived]# scp keepalived.conf root@172.25.60.4:/etc/keepalived
[root@server4 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.25.60.100
    }
}

[root@server1 keepalived]# ip addr show
[root@server4 keepalived]# yum install mailx -y

[root@server1 keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@server4 keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived

检查日志是否有报错

[root@server1 keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages 
[root@server4 keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages 
[root@server1 keepalived]# cat /var/log/messages | grep VI_1
Feb 21 13:25:03 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[13014]: (VI_1) removing VIPs.
Feb 21 13:25:03 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[13014]: (VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE (init)
Feb 21 13:25:06 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[13014]: (VI_1) Receive advertisement timeout
Feb 21 13:25:06 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[13014]: (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Feb 21 13:25:06 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[13014]: (VI_1) setting VIPs.
Feb 21 13:25:06 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[13014]: (VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.25.60.100
Feb 21 13:25:11 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[13014]: (VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.25.60.100
[root@server4 keepalived]# cat /var/log/messages | grep VI_1
Feb 21 13:25:15 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[18237]: (VI_1) removing VIPs.
Feb 21 13:25:15 server1 Keepalived_vrrp[18237]: (VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE (init)

测试：

[root@server1 keepalived]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:a9:ae:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.25.60.253/24 brd 172.25.60.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 172.25.60.100/32 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fea9:aef7/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@server1 keepalived]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.25.60.100:80 rr persistent 50
  -> 172.25.60.2:80               Route   1      0          0         
  -> 172.25.60.3:80               Route   1      0          0    

[root@foundation60 addons]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3.www.westos.org
[root@foundation60 addons]# curl 172.25.60.100
server2

[root@server1 keepalived]# systemctl stop keepalived
# server4马上接替server1
[root@server4 keepalived]# yum install ipvsadm -y
[root@server4 keepalived]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:2d:b0:41 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.25.60.4/24 brd 172.25.60.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 172.25.60.100/32 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe2d:b041/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@foundation60 addons]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3.www.westos.org
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