程序设计规范-接口文档

接口文档的作用与意义

  • 在web项目的前后端分离,开发项目的过程中。作为前后端项目数据交互的渠道–接口,需要由前后端工程师共同定义接口,编写接口文档。大家根据这个接口文档进行开发,直到项目结束前都要一直维护这个文档。
    • 接口文档有利于前后端工程师共同进行文件的开发交流
    • 在项目维护中或项目人员更迭,方便后期人员查看,维护。

接口的规范

  • 接分为四部分:方法,uri,请求参数,返回参数
    • 方法:新增(post),修改(put),删除(delete),获取(get),在开发的过程中,需要指明哪种请求方法。一般我们就采用GET/POST方法。
    • uri: 一般放置请求的uri地址即可,不允许出现大写字母
    • 请求参数和返回参数,都分为5列:字段,说明,类型,备注,是否必填。字段用于标明返回参数名称,说明用于标明参数含义,
      类型一般标明参数的类型,备注是一些解释,或者写一些例子,便于前端理解。是否必填用于标明参数是否必填。
    • 返回参数由若干种情况
      • 只返回接口调用成功还是失败(如新增,删除,修改等),则只有一个结构体:code和message两个参数。
      • 如果需要返回某些参数,则有两个结构体:code/message/data,以及data里写返回的参数,data是object类型。
      • 如果要有返回列表 , 那么有三个结构体: code/message/data,data里面放置:page/size/total/totalPage/list 5个参数,其中data是object类型,list是Array类型,list里面放object,object里面是具体的参数。

接口文档示例

  • 接口详情:

    地址/student/list
    方式GET
  • 请求参数:

    字段说明类型备注是否必填
    page页码Number默认1
    size页面大小Number默认10
  • 请求参数示例:

    {
      "page": 1,
      "size": 10
    }
    
  • 返回参数:

    字段说明类型备注是否必填
    code接口状态码Number成功: 1
    失败: 0
    message接口信息String成功: sucess
    失败: 提示信息
    dataObject
  • data:

    字段说明类型备注是否必填
    page页码Number
    size页码大小Number
    totalPage总页数Number
    list学生列表Array
  • list:

    字段说明类型备注是否必填
    id学生idNumber
    name姓名Stirng
    gender性别Number0: 女生
    1: 男生
  • 返回参数示例:

    {
       "code": 1,
       "message": "成功",
       "data": {
           "page": 1,
           "size": 10, 
           "totalPage": 10,
           "list": [
               {
                 "id": 1,
                 "name": "张三",
                 "gender": 1
               },{
                   "id": 2,
                   "name": "李华",
                   "gender": 0 
               }        
           ]      
       }   
     }
    

后端接口开发规范

  • 一般我们可以创建两个类,一个类作为返回基类BaseResp,用于作为返回数据格式的基类。一个类作为错误码枚举类ResultStatus,用于
    表示错误状态码及其信息。

一个简单的返回基类如下所示:

package com.quick.utils;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @param <T>
 */
public class BaseResp<T> {
    /**
     * 返回码
     */
    private int code;

    /**
     * 返回信息描述
     */
    private String message;

    /**
     * 返回数据
     */
    private T data;

    private long currentTime;

    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public void setCode(int code) {
        this.code = code;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public Object getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(T data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public long getCurrentTime() {
        return currentTime;
    }

    public void setCurrentTime(long currentTime) {
        this.currentTime = currentTime;
    }

    public BaseResp(){}

    /**
     *
     * @param code 错误码
     * @param message 信息
     * @param data 数据
     */
    public BaseResp(int code, String message, T data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
        this.data = data;
        this.currentTime = new Date().getTime();
    }

    /**
     * 不带数据的返回结果
     * @param resultStatus
     */
    public BaseResp(ResultStatus resultStatus) {
        this.code = resultStatus.getErrorCode();
        this.message = resultStatus.getErrorMsg();
        this.data = data;
        this.currentTime = new Date().getTime();
    }

    /**
     * 带数据的返回结果
     * @param resultStatus
     * @param data
     */
    public BaseResp(ResultStatus resultStatus, T data) {
        this.code = resultStatus.getErrorCode();
        this.message = resultStatus.getErrorMsg();
        this.data = data;
        this.currentTime = new Date().getTime();
    }
}

一个简单的错误码枚举类如下所示:

package com.quick.utils;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 错误码
 * @author vector
 *
 */
public enum ResultStatus {

    // -1为通用失败(根据ApiResult.java中的构造方法注释而来)
    FAIL(-1, "common fail"),
    // 0为成功
    SUCCESS(0, "success"),

    error_pic_file(3,"非法图片文件"),
    error_pic_upload(4,"图片上传失败"),
    error_record_not_found(5, "没有找到对应的数据"),
    error_max_page_size(6, "请求记录数超出每次请求最大允许值"),
    error_create_failed(7,"新增失败"),
    error_update_failed(8,"修改失败"),
    error_delete_failed(9,"删除失败"),
    error_search_failed(10,"查询失败"),
    error_count_failed(11,"查询数据总数失败"),
    error_string_to_obj(12,"字符串转java对象失败"),
    error_invalid_argument(13,"参数不合法"),
    error_update_not_allowed(14,"更新失败:%s"),
    error_duplicated_data(15,"数据已存在"),
    error_unknown_database_operation(16,"未知数据库操作失败,请联系管理员解决"),
    error_column_unique(17,"字段s%违反唯一约束性条件"),
    error_file_download(18,"文件下载失败"),
    error_file_upload(19,"文件上传失败"),

    //100-511为http 状态码
    // --- 4xx Client Error ---
    http_status_bad_request(400, "Bad Request"),
    http_status_unauthorized(401, "Unauthorized"),
    http_status_payment_required(402, "Payment Required"),
    http_status_forbidden(403, "Forbidden"),
    http_status_not_found(404, "Not Found"),
    http_status_method_not_allowed(405, "Method Not Allowed"),
    http_status_not_acceptable(406, "Not Acceptable"),
    http_status_proxy_authentication_required(407, "Proxy Authentication Required"),
    http_status_request_timeout(408, "Request Timeout"),
    http_status_conflict(409, "Conflict"),
    http_status_gone(410, "Gone"),
    http_status_length_required(411, "Length Required"),
    http_status_precondition_failed(412, "Precondition Failed"),
    http_status_payload_too_large(413, "Payload Too Large"),
    http_status_uri_too_long(414, "URI Too Long"),
    http_status_unsupported_media_type(415, "Unsupported Media Type"),
    http_status_requested_range_not_satisfiable(416, "Requested range not satisfiable"),
    http_status_expectation_failed(417, "Expectation Failed"),
    http_status_im_a_teapot(418, "I'm a teapot"),
    http_status_unprocessable_entity(422, "Unprocessable Entity"),
    http_status_locked(423, "Locked"),
    http_status_failed_dependency(424, "Failed Dependency"),
    http_status_upgrade_required(426, "Upgrade Required"),
    http_status_precondition_required(428, "Precondition Required"),
    http_status_too_many_requests(429, "Too Many Requests"),
    http_status_request_header_fields_too_large(431, "Request Header Fields Too Large"),

    // --- 5xx Server Error ---
    http_status_internal_server_error(500, "系统错误"),
    http_status_not_implemented(501, "Not Implemented"),
    http_status_bad_gateway(502, "Bad Gateway"),
    http_status_service_unavailable(503, "Service Unavailable"),
    http_status_gateway_timeout(504, "Gateway Timeout"),
    http_status_http_version_not_supported(505, "HTTP Version not supported"),
    http_status_variant_also_negotiates(506, "Variant Also Negotiates"),
    http_status_insufficient_storage(507, "Insufficient Storage"),
    http_status_loop_detected(508, "Loop Detected"),
    http_status_bandwidth_limit_exceeded(509, "Bandwidth Limit Exceeded"),
    http_status_not_extended(510, "Not Extended"),
    http_status_network_authentication_required(511, "Network Authentication Required"),

    // --- 8xx common error ---
    EXCEPTION(800, "exception"),
    INVALID_PARAM(801, "invalid.param"),
    INVALID_PRIVI(802, "invalid.privi"),

    //1000以内是系统错误,
    no_login(1000,"没有登录"),
    config_error(1001,"参数配置表错误"),
    user_exist(1002,"用户名已存在"),
    userpwd_not_exist(1003,"用户名不存在或者密码错误"),
        ;
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ResultStatus.class);


    private int code;
    private String msg;

    ResultStatus(int code, String msg){
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    public static int getCode(String define){
        try {
            return ResultStatus.valueOf(define).code;
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            LOGGER.error("undefined error code: {}", define);
            return FAIL.getErrorCode();
        }
    }

    public static String getMsg(String define){
        try {
            return ResultStatus.valueOf(define).msg;
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            LOGGER.error("undefined error code: {}", define);
            return FAIL.getErrorMsg();
        }

    }

    public static String getMsg(int code){
        for(ResultStatus err : ResultStatus.values()){
            if(err.code==code){
                return err.msg;
            }
        }
        return "errorCode not defined ";
    }

    public int getErrorCode(){
        return code;
    }

    public String getErrorMsg(){
        return msg;
    }

}

参考文章

如何优雅的格式化接口: https://www.jianshu.com/p/12f470170b68.
什么是接口文档,如何写接口,有什么规范?:https://www.zhihu.com/question/52409287

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