是什么?
- 将运用与运行的环境打包形成容器运行,运行可以伴随着容器,但是我们对数据的要求希望是持久化的
- 容器之间希望有可能共享数据
Docker容器产生的数据,如果不通过docker commit生成新的镜像,使得数据做为镜像的一部分保存下来,那么当容器删除后,数据自然也就没了。
为了能保存数据在docker中我们使用卷。
能干什么?
容器的持久化
容器间继承+共享数据
卷就是目录或文件,存在于一个或多个容器中,由docker挂载到容器,但不属于联合文件系统,因此能够绕过Union File System提供一些用于持续存储或共享数据的特性:
卷的设计目的就是数据的持久化,完全独立于容器的生存周期,因此Docker不会再容器删除时删除其挂载的数据卷
特点:
- 数据卷可在容器之间共享或重用数据
- 卷重的更改可以直接生效
- 数据卷中的更改不会包含再镜像的更新中
- 数据卷的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用它为止
数据卷
容器内添加:
1)直接命令添加
命令:docker run -it -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录 镜像名
[root@hadoop101 ~]# cd /
[root@hadoop101 /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@hadoop101 ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@14428fa252df /]# pwd
/
[root@14428fa252df /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12090 Aug 1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Sep 26 08:55 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Sep 26 08:55 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 218 root root 0 Sep 26 08:55 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Aug 1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Aug 1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Sep 26 00:30 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Aug 1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Aug 1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Aug 1 01:09 var
[root@14428fa252df /]# exit
exit
[root@hadoop101 ~]# docker run -it -v /myDataVolume:/dataVolumeContainer centos
[root@b0c148e48dc0 /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12090 Aug 1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 26 08:57 dataVolumeContainer
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Sep 26 08:57 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Sep 26 08:57 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 217 root root 0 Sep 26 08:57 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Aug 1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Aug 1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Sep 26 00:30 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Aug 1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Aug 1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Aug 1 01:09 var
[root@b0c148e48dc0 /]#
2)DockerFile添加
①根目录下新建mydocker文件夹并进入
②可在Dockerfile中使用VOLUME指令来给镜像添加一个或多个数据卷
VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer","/dataVolumeContainer2","/dataVolumeContainer3"]
说明:
出于可移植和分享的考虑,用-v主机目录:容器目录这种方法不能够直接在Dockerfile中实现。
由于宿主机目录是依赖于特定宿主机的,并不能够保证在所有的宿主机上都存在这样的特定目录。③Dockerfile构建
[root@hadoop101 /]# mkdir mydocker
[root@hadoop101 /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt myDataVolume mydocker opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@hadoop101 /]# cd mydocker/
[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# pwd
/mydocker
[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# vim Dockerfile
添加如下内容
#volume test
FROM centos
VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer1","/dataVolumeContainer2"]
CMD echo "finished,--------success1"
CMD /bin/bash
④build后生成镜像
[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile -t ghj/centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
---> 67fa590cfc1c
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer1","/dataVolumeContainer2"]
---> Running in 3130c199cc3d
Removing intermediate container 3130c199cc3d
---> bd382f539b41
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "finished,--------success1"
---> Running in 349defeb86ee
Removing intermediate container 349defeb86ee
---> b5dd4f063a46
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in 4916b79f66ee
Removing intermediate container 4916b79f66ee
---> ea55868fb6d4
Successfully built ea55868fb6d4
Successfully tagged ghj/centos:latest
4步说明镜像是分层的,此时我们可以看到
[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ghj/centos latest ea55868fb6d4 29 minutes ago 202MB
atdixin/mytomcat 7.0 38d1e8f04740 2 days ago 508MB
nginx latest f949e7d76d63 4 days ago 126MB
tomcat latest 8973f493aa0a 9 days ago 508MB
centos latest 67fa590cfc1c 5 weeks ago 202MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 9 months ago 1.84kB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 4 years ago 349MB
⑤run容器
[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# docker run -it ghj/centos
[root@589dd06007bf /]# pwd
/
[root@589dd06007bf /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12090 Aug 1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 29 03:18 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 29 03:18 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Sep 29 03:18 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Sep 29 03:18 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 185 root root 0 Sep 29 03:18 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Aug 1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Aug 1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Sep 29 00:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Aug 1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Aug 1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Aug 1 01:09 var
官方的centos是不带 dataVolumeContainer1 dataVolumeContainer2 这两个容器卷的,而我自定义的是带有的。
进入到容器内创建一个txt文本
[root@589dd06007bf /]# cd dataVolumeContainer1
[root@589dd06007bf dataVolumeContainer1]# touch containt01.txt
[root@589dd06007bf dataVolumeContainer1]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 03:22 containt01.txt
[root@hadoop101 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
589dd06007bf ghj/centos "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes pedantic_hellman
[root@hadoop101 ~]# docker inspect 589dd06007bf
由此命令打印出的内容中可以找到下面使用的路径/var/lib/docker/volumes/bb15f190486da84ca433e4c66071b2fc41007e3000f693bc868db825551d8007/_data
[root@hadoop101 ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/bb15f190486da84ca433e4c66071b2fc41007e3000f693bc868db825551d8007/_data
[root@hadoop101 _data]# pwd
/var/lib/docker/volumes/bb15f190486da84ca433e4c66071b2fc41007e3000f693bc868db825551d8007/_data
[root@hadoop101 _data]# ll
总用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 9月 29 11:22 containt01.txt
[root@hadoop101 _data]#
显然我们已经看到了我们创建的文本
⑥通过上述步骤,容器内的卷目录地址已经知道对应的主机目录地址在哪?
⑦主机对应默认地址
而当我们在宿主机上创建一个文本时,容器内也会生成的,如下:
[root@hadoop101 _data]# touch host.txt
[root@hadoop101 _data]# ll
总用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 9月 29 11:22 containt01.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 9月 29 13:25 host.txt
[root@589dd06007bf dataVolumeContainer1]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 03:22 containt01.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 05:25 host.txt
3)备注
Docker挂载主机目录Docker访问出现cannot open directory:Permission denied
解决办法:在挂载目录后多加一个–priviled=true参数即可
数据卷容器
命名的容器挂载数据卷,其它容器通过挂载这个(父容器)实现数据共享,挂载数据卷的容器,称之为数据卷容器。
以上一步新建的镜像ghj/centos为模板并运行容器dc01/dc02/dc03
它们已经具有容器卷dataVolumeContainer1 dataVolumeContainer2
容器间传递共享(–volumes-from)
先启动一个父容器dc01,在dataVolumeContainer2新增内容
[root@589dd06007bf dataVolumeContainer1]# exit
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker run -it --name dc01 ghj/centos
[root@71af1c4064d2 /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12090 Aug 1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 29 06:26 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 29 06:26 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Sep 29 06:26 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Sep 29 06:26 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 197 root root 0 Sep 29 06:26 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Aug 1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Aug 1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Sep 29 00:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Aug 1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Aug 1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Aug 1 01:09 var
[root@71af1c4064d2 /]# cd dataVolumeContainer2
[root@71af1c4064d2 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
[root@71af1c4064d2 dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc01_add.txt
[root@71af1c4064d2 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
dc02/dc03继承自dc01 --volumes-from
dc02/dc03 分别在dataVolumeContainer2各自新增内容
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker run -it --name dc02 --volumes-from dc01 ghj/centos
[root@a0b71428fd00 /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12090 Aug 1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 29 06:26 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 26 Sep 29 06:34 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Sep 29 06:41 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Sep 29 06:41 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 199 root root 0 Sep 29 06:41 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Aug 1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Aug 1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Sep 29 00:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Aug 1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Aug 1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Aug 1 01:09 var
[root@a0b71428fd00 /]# cd dataVolumeContainer2
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc02_add.txt
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker run -it --name dc03 --volumes-from dc01 ghj/centos
[root@c3b94cfda31d /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12090 Aug 1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Sep 29 06:26 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 46 Sep 29 07:08 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Sep 29 07:11 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Sep 29 07:11 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Aug 1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Aug 1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 203 root root 0 Sep 29 07:11 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Aug 1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 148 Aug 1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Aug 1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Sep 29 00:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Aug 1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Aug 1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Aug 1 01:09 var
[root@c3b94cfda31d dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc03_add.txt
[root@c3b94cfda31d dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt
回到dc01可以看到02/03各自添加的都能共享了
[root@71af1c4064d2 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt
删除dc01,dc02修改后,dc03可否访问
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c3b94cfda31d ghj/centos "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes dc03
a0b71428fd00 ghj/centos "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 41 minutes ago Up 41 minutes dc02
71af1c4064d2 ghj/centos "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 56 minutes ago Up 56 minutes dc01
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker rm -f dc01
dc01
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c3b94cfda31d ghj/centos "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes dc03
a0b71428fd00 ghj/centos "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 42 minutes ago Up 42 minutes dc02
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker attach dc02
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc02_update.txt
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:26 dc02_update.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt
再看此时的dc03
[root@c3b94cfda31d dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:26 dc02_update.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt
删除dc02后dc03可否访问
新建dc04继承dc03后再删除dc03
结论:容器之间配置信息的传递,数据卷的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用它为止