Docker容器数据卷

是什么?

  1. 将运用与运行的环境打包形成容器运行,运行可以伴随着容器,但是我们对数据的要求希望是持久化的
  2. 容器之间希望有可能共享数据
    Docker容器产生的数据,如果不通过docker commit生成新的镜像,使得数据做为镜像的一部分保存下来,那么当容器删除后,数据自然也就没了。
    为了能保存数据在docker中我们使用卷。

能干什么?

容器的持久化
容器间继承+共享数据
卷就是目录或文件,存在于一个或多个容器中,由docker挂载到容器,但不属于联合文件系统,因此能够绕过Union File System提供一些用于持续存储或共享数据的特性:
卷的设计目的就是数据的持久化,完全独立于容器的生存周期,因此Docker不会再容器删除时删除其挂载的数据卷
特点:

  1. 数据卷可在容器之间共享或重用数据
  2. 卷重的更改可以直接生效
  3. 数据卷中的更改不会包含再镜像的更新中
  4. 数据卷的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用它为止

数据卷

容器内添加:
1)直接命令添加
命令:docker run -it -v /宿主机绝对路径目录:/容器内目录 镜像名

[root@hadoop101 ~]# cd /
[root@hadoop101 /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@hadoop101 ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@14428fa252df /]# pwd
/
[root@14428fa252df /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root 12090 Aug  1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root   360 Sep 26 08:55 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root    66 Sep 26 08:55 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Aug  1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 218 root root     0 Sep 26 08:55 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root   114 Aug  1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root   148 Aug  1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Aug  1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root     0 Sep 26 00:30 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root   132 Aug  1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root   155 Aug  1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  18 root root   238 Aug  1 01:09 var
[root@14428fa252df /]# exit
exit
[root@hadoop101 ~]# docker run -it -v /myDataVolume:/dataVolumeContainer centos
[root@b0c148e48dc0 /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root 12090 Aug  1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Sep 26 08:57 dataVolumeContainer
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root   360 Sep 26 08:57 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root    66 Sep 26 08:57 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Aug  1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 217 root root     0 Sep 26 08:57 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root   114 Aug  1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root   148 Aug  1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Aug  1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root     0 Sep 26 00:30 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root   132 Aug  1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root   155 Aug  1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  18 root root   238 Aug  1 01:09 var
[root@b0c148e48dc0 /]# 

2)DockerFile添加
①根目录下新建mydocker文件夹并进入
②可在Dockerfile中使用VOLUME指令来给镜像添加一个或多个数据卷
VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer","/dataVolumeContainer2","/dataVolumeContainer3"]
说明:
出于可移植和分享的考虑,用-v主机目录:容器目录这种方法不能够直接在Dockerfile中实现。
由于宿主机目录是依赖于特定宿主机的,并不能够保证在所有的宿主机上都存在这样的特定目录。③Dockerfile构建

[root@hadoop101 /]# mkdir mydocker
[root@hadoop101 /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  myDataVolume  mydocker  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@hadoop101 /]# cd mydocker/
[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# pwd
/mydocker
[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# vim Dockerfile

添加如下内容

#volume test
FROM centos
VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer1","/dataVolumeContainer2"]
CMD echo "finished,--------success1"
CMD /bin/bash

④build后生成镜像

[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile -t ghj/centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
 ---> 67fa590cfc1c
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer1","/dataVolumeContainer2"]
 ---> Running in 3130c199cc3d
Removing intermediate container 3130c199cc3d
 ---> bd382f539b41
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "finished,--------success1"
 ---> Running in 349defeb86ee
Removing intermediate container 349defeb86ee
 ---> b5dd4f063a46
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in 4916b79f66ee
Removing intermediate container 4916b79f66ee
 ---> ea55868fb6d4
Successfully built ea55868fb6d4
Successfully tagged ghj/centos:latest

4步说明镜像是分层的,此时我们可以看到

[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ghj/centos          latest              ea55868fb6d4        29 minutes ago      202MB
atdixin/mytomcat    7.0                 38d1e8f04740        2 days ago          508MB
nginx               latest              f949e7d76d63        4 days ago          126MB
tomcat              latest              8973f493aa0a        9 days ago          508MB
centos              latest              67fa590cfc1c        5 weeks ago         202MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        9 months ago        1.84kB
training/webapp     latest              6fae60ef3446        4 years ago         349MB

⑤run容器

[root@hadoop101 mydocker]# docker run -it ghj/centos
[root@589dd06007bf /]# pwd
/
[root@589dd06007bf /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root 12090 Aug  1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Sep 29 03:18 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Sep 29 03:18 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root   360 Sep 29 03:18 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root    66 Sep 29 03:18 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Aug  1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 185 root root     0 Sep 29 03:18 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root   114 Aug  1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root   148 Aug  1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Aug  1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root     0 Sep 29 00:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root   132 Aug  1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root   155 Aug  1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  18 root root   238 Aug  1 01:09 var

官方的centos是不带 dataVolumeContainer1 dataVolumeContainer2 这两个容器卷的,而我自定义的是带有的。

进入到容器内创建一个txt文本

[root@589dd06007bf /]# cd dataVolumeContainer1
[root@589dd06007bf dataVolumeContainer1]# touch containt01.txt
[root@589dd06007bf dataVolumeContainer1]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 03:22 containt01.txt
[root@hadoop101 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
589dd06007bf        ghj/centos          "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   8 minutes ago       Up 8 minutes                            pedantic_hellman
[root@hadoop101 ~]# docker inspect 589dd06007bf

由此命令打印出的内容中可以找到下面使用的路径/var/lib/docker/volumes/bb15f190486da84ca433e4c66071b2fc41007e3000f693bc868db825551d8007/_data

[root@hadoop101 ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/bb15f190486da84ca433e4c66071b2fc41007e3000f693bc868db825551d8007/_data
[root@hadoop101 _data]# pwd
/var/lib/docker/volumes/bb15f190486da84ca433e4c66071b2fc41007e3000f693bc868db825551d8007/_data
[root@hadoop101 _data]# ll
总用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 9月  29 11:22 containt01.txt
[root@hadoop101 _data]# 

显然我们已经看到了我们创建的文本

⑥通过上述步骤,容器内的卷目录地址已经知道对应的主机目录地址在哪?
⑦主机对应默认地址
而当我们在宿主机上创建一个文本时,容器内也会生成的,如下:

[root@hadoop101 _data]# touch host.txt
[root@hadoop101 _data]# ll
总用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 9月  29 11:22 containt01.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 9月  29 13:25 host.txt
[root@589dd06007bf dataVolumeContainer1]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 03:22 containt01.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 05:25 host.txt

3)备注
Docker挂载主机目录Docker访问出现cannot open directory:Permission denied
解决办法:在挂载目录后多加一个–priviled=true参数即可

数据卷容器

命名的容器挂载数据卷,其它容器通过挂载这个(父容器)实现数据共享,挂载数据卷的容器,称之为数据卷容器。
以上一步新建的镜像ghj/centos为模板并运行容器dc01/dc02/dc03
它们已经具有容器卷dataVolumeContainer1 dataVolumeContainer2
容器间传递共享(–volumes-from)
先启动一个父容器dc01,在dataVolumeContainer2新增内容

[root@589dd06007bf dataVolumeContainer1]# exit
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker run -it --name dc01 ghj/centos
[root@71af1c4064d2 /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root 12090 Aug  1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Sep 29 06:26 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Sep 29 06:26 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root   360 Sep 29 06:26 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root    66 Sep 29 06:26 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Aug  1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 197 root root     0 Sep 29 06:26 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root   114 Aug  1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root   148 Aug  1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Aug  1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root     0 Sep 29 00:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root   132 Aug  1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root   155 Aug  1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  18 root root   238 Aug  1 01:09 var
[root@71af1c4064d2 /]# cd dataVolumeContainer2
[root@71af1c4064d2 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
[root@71af1c4064d2 dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc01_add.txt
[root@71af1c4064d2 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt

dc02/dc03继承自dc01 --volumes-from
dc02/dc03 分别在dataVolumeContainer2各自新增内容

[root@hadoop101 /]# docker run -it --name dc02 --volumes-from dc01 ghj/centos
[root@a0b71428fd00 /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root 12090 Aug  1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Sep 29 06:26 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    26 Sep 29 06:34 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root   360 Sep 29 06:41 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root    66 Sep 29 06:41 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Aug  1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 199 root root     0 Sep 29 06:41 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root   114 Aug  1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root   148 Aug  1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Aug  1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root     0 Sep 29 00:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root   132 Aug  1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root   155 Aug  1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  18 root root   238 Aug  1 01:09 var
[root@a0b71428fd00 /]# cd dataVolumeContainer2
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc02_add.txt
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker run -it --name dc03 --volumes-from dc01 ghj/centos
[root@c3b94cfda31d /]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root 12090 Aug  1 01:10 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Sep 29 06:26 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    46 Sep 29 07:08 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root   360 Sep 29 07:11 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root    66 Sep 29 07:11 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Aug  1 01:09 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     9 Aug  1 01:09 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 203 root root     0 Sep 29 07:11 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root   114 Aug  1 01:10 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root   148 Aug  1 01:10 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     8 Aug  1 01:09 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root     0 Sep 29 00:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root   132 Aug  1 01:10 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root   155 Aug  1 01:09 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  18 root root   238 Aug  1 01:09 var
[root@c3b94cfda31d dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc03_add.txt
[root@c3b94cfda31d dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt

回到dc01可以看到02/03各自添加的都能共享了

[root@71af1c4064d2 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt

删除dc01,dc02修改后,dc03可否访问

[root@hadoop101 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c3b94cfda31d        ghj/centos          "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                           dc03
a0b71428fd00        ghj/centos          "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   41 minutes ago      Up 41 minutes                           dc02
71af1c4064d2        ghj/centos          "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   56 minutes ago      Up 56 minutes                           dc01
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker rm -f dc01
dc01
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c3b94cfda31d        ghj/centos          "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                           dc03
a0b71428fd00        ghj/centos          "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   42 minutes ago      Up 42 minutes                           dc02
[root@hadoop101 /]# docker attach dc02
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc02_update.txt
[root@a0b71428fd00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:26 dc02_update.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt

再看此时的dc03

[root@c3b94cfda31d dataVolumeContainer2]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 06:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:08 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:26 dc02_update.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Sep 29 07:14 dc03_add.txt

删除dc02后dc03可否访问
新建dc04继承dc03后再删除dc03
结论:容器之间配置信息的传递,数据卷的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用它为止

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