Hive窗口函数（开窗函数）

一、 函数说明

over()：指定分析函数工作的数据窗口大小，这个数据窗口大小 可能会随着行的变化而变化。
current row：当前行
n preceding：往前n行数据
n following：往后n行数据
unbounded：起点
unbounded preceding：表示从前面的起点
unbounded following：表示到后面的终点
LAG(col,n,default_val)：往前第n行数据
LEAD(col,n,default_val)：往后第n行数据
NTILE(n)：把有序分区中的行分发到指定数据的组中，各个组有编号，编号从1开始，对于每一行，NTILE返回此行所属的组的编号。注意：n
必须为int类型。

二、数据准备：name，orderdate，cost

jack,2017-01-01,10
tony,2017-01-02,15
jack,2017-02-03,23
tony,2017-01-04,29
jack,2017-01-05,46
jack,2017-04-06,42
tony,2017-01-07,50
jack,2017-01-08,55
mart,2017-04-08,62
mart,2017-04-09,68
neil,2017-05-10,12
mart,2017-04-11,75
neil,2017-06-12,80
mart,2017-04-13,94

三、创建表并导入数据

create table business(
name string,
orderdate string,
cost int
)ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',';
load data local inpath "/opt/module/datas/business.txt" into table business;

四、按需求查询数据

(1)查询在2017年4月份购买过的顾客及总人数

select name,count(*) over()
from business
where substring(orderdate,1,7) = '2017-04'
group by name

(2)查询顾客的购买明细及月购总额

select name,orderdate,cost,
sum(cost) over(partition by month(orderdate)) 
from business;

(3)上述的场景，将每个顾客的cost按照日期进行累加

select name,orderdate,cost,
sum(cost) over() as sample1,   --所有行相加
sum(cost) over(partition by name) as sample2,  --按name分组，组内数据相加
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate) as sample3, 
--按name分组，组内数据累加
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate 
rows between UNBOUNDED PRECEDING and current row) as sample4,  
--和sample3一样，由起点到当前行的聚合
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate
rows between 1 PRECEDING and current row) as sample5,
--当前行和前面一行做聚合
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderedate
rows between 1 PRECEDING and 1 FOLLOWING) as sample6,
--当前行和前面一行及后面一行
sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdatep
rows between current row and UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) as sample7
--当前行和后面所有行
from business;

rows必须跟在order by 子句之后，对排序的结果进行限制，使用固定的行数来限制分区中的数据行数量。

(4)查看顾客上次的购买时间

select name,orderdate,cost,
lag(orderdate,1,'1900-01-01') over(partition by name order by orderdate) as time1,
lag(orderdate,2) over(partition by name order by orderdate) as time2
from busibness;

(5)查询前20%时间的订单信息

select * from (
select name,orderdate,cost,ntile(5) over(order by orderdate) sorted from business
) t
where sorted = 1;

五、Rank函数

1、函数说明
RANK() 排序相同时会重复，总数不会变
DENSE_RANK() 排序相同时会重复，总数会减少
ROW_NUMBER() 会根据顺序计算

2、数据准备

name	subject	score
孙悟空	语文	87
孙悟空	数学	90
孙悟空	英语	68
猪八戒	语文	94
猪八戒	数学	56
猪八戒	英语	84
唐僧	语文	64
唐僧	数学	86
唐僧	英语	84
沙悟净	语文	65
沙悟净	数学	85
沙悟净	英语	78

3、创建hive表并导入数据

create table score(
name string,
subject string, 
score int) 
row format delimited fields terminated by "\t";
load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/score.txt' into table score;

4、计算每门学科成绩排名

select name,
subject,
score,
rank() over(partition by subject order by score desc) rp,
dense_rank() over(partition by subject order by score desc) drp,
row_number() over(partition by subject order by score desc) rnp,
from score;