【死锁】在Linux环境下，使用互斥锁模拟死锁的产生

C++语言模拟死锁

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;

// 创建两个互斥锁
pthread_mutex_t mutex_A = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_mutex_t mutex_B = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

void* threadA_proc(void* data)
{
    // 线程A获得资源A之前先进行加锁，等待1s，再以同样的方式获取资源B
    cout << "thread A waiting get ResourceA" << endl;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_A);
    cout << "thread A get ResourceA" << endl;

    sleep(1);

    cout << "thread A waiting get ResourceB" << endl;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_B);
    cout << "thread A get ResourceB" << endl;

    // 解锁
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_B);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_A);

    return (void*) 0;
}

void* threadB_proc(void* data)
{
    // 线程B获得资源B之前先进行加锁，等待1s，再以同样的方式获取资源A
    cout << "thread B waiting get ResourceB" << endl;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_B);
    cout << "thread B get ResourceB" << endl;

    sleep(1);

    cout << "thread B waiting get ResourceA" << endl;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_A);
    cout << "thread B get ResourceA" << endl;

    // 解锁
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_A);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_B);

    return (void*) 0;
}

int main()
{
    // 声明两个线程
    pthread_t tidA, tidB;
    pthread_create(&tidA, NULL, threadA_proc, NULL);
    pthread_create(&tidB, NULL, threadB_proc, NULL);

    // 等待子线程退出并回收其资源
    pthread_join(tidA, NULL);
    pthread_join(tidB, NULL);

    cout << "exit" << endl;

    return 0;
}

查看结果：

线程A在等待互斥锁mutex_B释放资源，线程B在等待互斥锁mutex_A释放资源，双方都在等待对方资源的释放，即产生死锁

避免死锁的发生

破坏产生死锁的四个必要条件

• 互斥条件
• 持有并等待条件
• 不可剥夺条件
• 环路等待条件

只需要破坏其中一个条件即可，最常见的就是使用资源有序分配法，破坏环路等待条件。

线程A、B获取两个互斥锁的顺序相同，即可，代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;

// 创建两个互斥锁
pthread_mutex_t mutex_A = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_mutex_t mutex_B = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

void* threadA_proc(void* data)
{
    // 线程A获得资源A之前先进行加锁，等待1s，再以同样的方式获取资源B
    cout << "thread A waiting get ResourceA" << endl;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_A);
    cout << "thread A get ResourceA" << endl;

    sleep(1);

    cout << "thread A waiting get ResourceB" << endl;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_B);
    cout << "thread A get ResourceB" << endl;

    // 解锁
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_B);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_A);

    return (void*) 0;
}

void* threadB_proc(void* data)
{
    cout << "thread B waiting get ResourceA" << endl;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_A);
    cout << "thread B get ResourceA" << endl;

    sleep(1);

    cout << "thread B waiting get ResourceB" << endl;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_B);
    cout << "thread B get ResourceB" << endl;

    // 解锁
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_B);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_A);
    

    return (void*) 0;
}

int main()
{
    // 声明两个线程
    pthread_t tidA, tidB;
    pthread_create(&tidA, NULL, threadA_proc, NULL);
    pthread_create(&tidB, NULL, threadB_proc, NULL);

    // 等待子线程退出并回收其资源
    pthread_join(tidA, NULL);
    pthread_join(tidB, NULL);

    cout << "exit" << endl;

    return 0;
}