SpringBoot来临

1. Spring历史
   现在已经到了Spring5
2. 注解还是XML
   存在共识：对于业务类使用注解，例如MVC控制器使用@Controller,业务层使用@Service,持久层使用@Repository或者@Mapper。而对于一些公有的Bean，例如，对于数据库，第三方资源等则使用XML进行配置
3. Spring Boot的优点

• 创建独立的Spring应用程序
• 嵌入的Tomcat，Jetty或者Undertow，无需部署WAR文件
• 允许通过maven来根据需要获取start
• 尽可能的自动配置Spring
• 提供生产就绪功能，如指标，健康检查和外部配置
• 绝对没有代码生成，对XML没有配置要求
  约定优于配置这是主导思想。同时，对于一些必要的功能也提供了start依赖，例如spring-boot-starter-web捆绑了Spring MVC所依赖的包。

4. 实例

• 代码清单Spring Boot依赖环境，pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>cn.hctech2006.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>boot-all</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>boot-all</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--Spring Boot　Starter依赖引入-->
        <!--AOP包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Web开发包，将载入Spring MVC所需要的包，且内嵌tomcat-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--加入测试依赖包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!--引入插件-->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

可以看到maven的配置文件引入了多个Spring Boot的start，Spring Boot会根据Maven配置的starter去寻找对应的依赖，将jar包加载到工程中，而且它还会把绑定的服务器也加载到工程中，这些都不需要你在进行处理。
正如Spring　Boot承诺的那样，绑定服务器，并且实现Spring 的尽可能的配置，采用约定优于ｐｅｒｉｔｉ的原则。

• 开发Spring Boot实例应用

package cn.hctech2006.boot.bootall.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
public class ControllerTest {
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public Map<String, String> test(){
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("key", "key");
        return map;
    }
}

运行日志如下：

/usr/lib/jdk/bin/java -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dspring.jmx.enabled=true -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true -javaagent:/usr/local/software/idea/idea-IU-193.5662.53/lib/idea_rt.jar=41821:/usr/local/software/idea/idea-IU-193.5662.53/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/jce.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/resources.jar:/usr/lib/jdk/jre/lib/rt.jar:/home/lidengyin/Downloads/code/boot-all/target/classes:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-aop/2.2.4.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-aop-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-aop-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-beans-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/aspectj/aspectjweaver/1.9.5/aspectjweaver-1.9.5.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/2.2.4.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-web-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-json/2.2.4.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-json-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.10.2/jackson-databind-2.10.2.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.10.2/jackson-annotations-2.10.2.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.10.2/jackson-core-2.10.2.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jdk8/2.10.2/jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.10.2.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jsr310/2.10.2/jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.10.2.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/module/jackson-module-parameter-names/2.10.2/jackson-module-parameter-names-2.10.2.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/2.2.4.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/9.0.30/tomcat-embed-core-9.0.30.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/9.0.30/tomcat-embed-el-9.0.30.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/9.0.30/tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.30.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-validation/2.2.4.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-validation-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/jakarta/validation/jakarta.validation-api/2.0.2/jakarta.validation-api-2.0.2.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/hibernate/validator/hibernate-validator/6.0.18.Final/hibernate-validator-6.0.18.Final.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/jboss/logging/jboss-logging/3.4.1.Final/jboss-logging-3.4.1.Final.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/classmate/1.5.1/classmate-1.5.1.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-web/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-web-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-webmvc-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-context-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-expression-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/2.2.4.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.2.4.RELEASE/spring-boot-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/2.2.4.RELEASE/spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/2.2.4.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-logging-2.2.4.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.2.3/logback-core-1.2.3.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-to-slf4j/2.12.1/log4j-to-slf4j-2.12.1.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.12.1/log4j-api-2.12.1.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.30/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/jakarta/annotation/jakarta.annotation-api/1.3.5/jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-core-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-jcl/5.2.3.RELEASE/spring-jcl-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.25/snakeyaml-1.25.jar:/home/lidengyin/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.30/slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar cn.hctech2006.boot.bootall.BootAllApplication

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.2.4.RELEASE)

2020-04-08 19:27:09.388  INFO 11652 --- [           main] c.h.boot.bootall.BootAllApplication      : Starting BootAllApplication on ldy with PID 11652 (/home/lidengyin/Downloads/code/boot-all/target/classes started by lidengyin in /home/lidengyin/Downloads/code/boot-all)
2020-04-08 19:27:09.390  INFO 11652 --- [           main] c.h.boot.bootall.BootAllApplication      : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2020-04-08 19:27:09.820  INFO 11652 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8240 (http)
2020-04-08 19:27:09.823  INFO 11652 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2020-04-08 19:27:09.824  INFO 11652 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.30]
2020-04-08 19:27:09.852  INFO 11652 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2020-04-08 19:27:09.852  INFO 11652 --- [           main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 441 ms
2020-04-08 19:27:09.921  INFO 11652 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-04-08 19:27:09.985  INFO 11652 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8240 (http) with context path ''
2020-04-08 19:27:09.987  INFO 11652 --- [           main] c.h.boot.bootall.BootAllApplication      : Started BootAllApplication in 0.755 seconds (JVM running for 1.024)

从日志可以看到，Tomcat已经启动,接下来测试，输入localhost:8240/test,结果如下