Docker (5) Docker三剑客 docker machine,docker compose 和docker swarm

于 2020-09-19 22:54:38 发布
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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： linux
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43414025/article/details/108614885
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文章目录

Docker Machine 简介

Docker Machine 是一种可以让您在虚拟主机上安装 Docker 的工具，并可以使用 docker-machine 命令来管理主机。
Docker Machine 也可以集中管理所有的 docker 主机，比如快速的给 100 台服务器安装上 docker。

Docker Machine 下载安装

curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.2/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine &&
chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine &&
sudo mv /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine

Docker Machine 使用

创建machine

首先要 配置免密登陆受控主机

[root@server1 ~]# ssh-copy-id server3
在线安装

缺点：对网络要求高 但是可以配置本地yum仓库来加速

  • 在官方下载安装脚本
  • 修改
312                 centos|rhel)	### 由于官方脚本本身不支持rhel 添加rhel选项
313                         if [ -z "$dist_version" ] && [ -r /etc/os-release ]; then
314                                 dist_version="$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_ID")"
315                         fi
316                 ;;
317                 *)      
318                         if command_exists lsb_release; then
319                                 dist_version="$(lsb_release --release | cut -f2)"
320                         fi      
321                         if [ -z "$dist_version" ] && [ -r /etc/os-release ]; then
322                                 dist_version="$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_ID")"
323                         fi      
324                 ;;   

391                 centos|rhel|fedora)
392                         yum_repo="ftp://172.25.254.1/config/repo/docker.repo" ###配置自己的repo

安装自己选择的版本

453                                 #if [ -n "$cli_pkg_version" ]; then
454                                 #       $sh_c "$pkg_manager install -y -q docker-ce-cli-19.03.5-3.el7"
455                                 #fi
456                                 $sh_c "$pkg_manager install -y -q docker-ce-19.03.12-3.el7 docker-ce-cli-19.03.12-3.el7"

在server3上可以看到：

root     14868  0.0  0.4 241064  4616 pts/1    Ss+  13:09   0:00 sudo -E yum -y update -x docker-*
root     14881  4.3 11.2 497004 114448 pts/1   S+   13:09   0:06 /usr/bin/python /bin/yum -y update -x docker-*
root     14923  4.5  1.1 319436 12128 pts/1    S+   13:10   0:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
root     14934  2.0  1.1 319172 11888 pts/1    S+   13:10   0:01 /usr/bin/python /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
离线安装

在已经安装了docker的主机上直接执行

[root@server1 ~]# docker-machine create --driver generic --generic-ip-address=172.25.254.102 server2 
Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
(server2) No SSH key specified. Assuming an existing key at the default location.
Waiting for machine to be running, this may take a few minutes...
Detecting operating system of created instance...
Waiting for SSH to be available...
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with redhat...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
Copying certs to the remote machine...
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
Checking connection to Docker...
Docker is up and running!
To see how to connect your Docker Client to the Docker Engine running on this virtual machine, run: docker-machine env server2

[root@server1 ~]# docker-machine env server2
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://172.25.254.102:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/root/.docker/machine/machines/server2"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="server2"
# Run this command to configure your shell: 
# eval $(docker-machine env server2)

配置machien后 在控制主机家目录生成.docker目录 在这个目录里生成证书

[root@server1 ~]# cd .docker/machine/certs/
[root@server1 certs]# ls
ca-key.pem  ca.pem  cert.pem  key.pem

在受控主机 /etc/docker/生成：

[root@server2 ~]# cd /etc/docker/
[root@server2 docker]# ls
ca.pem  key.json  server-key.pem  server.pem

受控主机默认开放2376端口

tcp6       0      0 :::2376                 :::*                    LISTEN      24648/dockerd

server2上会自动更改启动文件

[root@server2 docker]# cd /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/
[root@server2 docker.service.d]# ls
10-machine.conf
[root@server2 docker.service.d]# cat 10-machine.conf 
[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2376 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock --storage-driver overlay2 --tlsverify --tlscacert /etc/docker/ca.pem --tlscert /etc/docker/server.pem --tlskey /etc/docker/server-key.pem --label provider=generic 
Environment=

使用Docker Machine

连接受控主机
[root@server1 ~]# docker-machine ls
NAME      ACTIVE   DRIVER    STATE     URL                         SWARM   DOCKER      ERRORS
server2   -        generic   Running   tcp://172.25.254.102:2376           v19.03.12   
[root@server1 ~]# docker images             
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              7e4d58f0e5f3        6 days ago          133MB
busybox             latest              6858809bf669        8 days ago          1.23MB
haproxy             1.5                 1e9a605f9291        8 months ago        65.5MB
[root@server1 ~]# docker-machine env server2
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://172.25.254.102:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/root/.docker/machine/machines/server2"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="server2"
# Run this command to configure your shell: 
# eval $(docker-machine env server2)
[root@server1 ~]# docker-machine config server2
--tlsverify
--tlscacert="/root/.docker/machine/machines/server2/ca.pem"
--tlscert="/root/.docker/machine/machines/server2/cert.pem"
--tlskey="/root/.docker/machine/machines/server2/key.pem"
-H=tcp://172.25.254.102:2376
[root@server1 ~]# eval $(docker-machine env server2)
[root@server1 ~]# docker images                     
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

[root@server1 ~]# docker info 
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 19.03.12
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
 runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.6 (Maipo)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 990.8MiB
 Name: server2 ###显示server2 说明进入了server2 的环境

Docker Compose简介

Compose 是用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具。通过 Compose，您可以使用 YML 文件来配置应用程序需要的所有服务。然后，使用一个命令，就可以从 YML 文件配置中创建并启动所有服务。

Docker Compose下载安装

在这里插入图片描述
下载：

curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.27.3/docker-compose-Linux-x86_64" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

安装成功

[root@server1 compose]# docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.24.1, build 4667896b
docker-py version: 3.7.3
CPython version: 3.6.8
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0j  20 Nov 2018
使用docker compose 部署nginx集群

新建目录compose

[root@server1 compose]# pwd
/root/compose
[root@server1 compose]# tree
.
├── docker-compose.yml
└── haproxy
    └── haproxy.cfg

1 directory, 2 files

[root@server1 compose]# cat docker-compose.yml 
version: '3'
services:
  web1:
    image: nginx:latest
    container_name: web1
    volumes:
      - webdata:/usr/share/nginx/html
    networks:
      - webnet

  web2:
    image: nginx:latest
    container_name: web2
    volumes:
      - webdata:/usr/share/nginx/html
    networks:
      - webnet

  haproxy:
    image: haproxy:1.5
    networks:
      - webnet
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./haproxy/haproxy.cfg:/usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg:ro
    
volumes:
  webdata:

networks:
  webnet:

[root@server1 compose]# cat haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application.  See the
# full configuration options online.
#
#   http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
    # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
    # need to:
    #
    # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events.  This is done
    #    by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
    #    /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    #
    # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
    #   file. A line like the following can be added to
    #   /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    #
    #    local2.*                       /var/log/haproxy.log
    #
    log         127.0.0.1 local2

    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    daemon

    # turn on stats unix socket

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
    mode                    http
    log                     global
    option                  httplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option http-server-close
    option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 3000
    stats   uri             /admin/status

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend  main *:80
    default_backend             app

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#backend static
#    balance     roundrobin
#    server      static 127.0.0.1:4331 check
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend app
    balance     roundrobin
    server  app1 web1:80 check
    server  app2 web2:80 check


[root@server1 compose]# docker-compose ps
      Name                     Command               State         Ports       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
compose_haproxy_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh hapr ...   Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
web1                /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up      80/tcp            
web2                /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up      80/tcp

在这里插入图片描述
停止web1

[root@server1 compose]# docker-compose stop web1
Stopping web1 ... done

在这里插入图片描述

Docker Swarm 简介

Swarm是Docker公司推出的用来管理docker集群的平台，几乎全部用GO语言来完成的开发的，代码开源在https://github.com/docker/swarm， 它是将一群Docker宿主机变成一个单一的虚拟主机，Swarm使用标准的Docker API接口作为其前端的访问入口，换言之，各种形式的DockerClient(compose,docker-py等)均可以直接与Swarm通信，甚至Docker本身都可以很容易的与Swarm集成，这大大方便了用户将原本基于单节点的系统移植到Swarm上，同时Swarm内置了对Docker网络插件的支持，用户也很容易的部署跨主机的容器集群服务。Docker Swarm 和 Docker Compose 一样，都是 Docker 官方容器编排项目，但不同的是，Docker Compose 是一个在单个服务器或主机上创建多个容器的工具，而 Docker Swarm 则可以在多个服务器或主机上创建容器集群服务，对于微服务的部署，显然 Docker Swarm 会更加适合。

建立集群

在leader主机上执行：

docker swarm init 
docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-3exjogkjpy5rw6hvqlyvs8190r0o159a6ape5m2ii36s08hr7b-eampwvkgwf8mkzux6vei46ewb 172.25.254.101:2377

在worker主机上：

docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-3exjogkjpy5rw6hvqlyvs8190r0o159a6ape5m2ii36s08hr7b-eampwvkgwf8mkzux6vei46ewb 172.25.254.101:2377

查看节点

[root@server1 ~]# docker node ls
ID                            HOSTNAME            STATUS              AVAILABILITY        MANAGER STATUS      ENGINE VERSION
hlhc9dw0zoz7xgvjqsdwpwhx3 *   server1             Ready               Active              Leader              19.03.12
gg4bspnun2d1nleftgni3war1     server2             Ready               Active                                  19.03.12
2fjk4gd5xzs1xdd9lg1l9t82t     server3             Ready               Active                                  19.03.12

启动服务

[root@server1 ~]# docker service create --name web -p 80:80 --replicas 1 nginx
fffatpzdr4vup6rqs2kq9pc5j
overall progress: 1 out of 1 tasks 
1/1: running   [==================================================>] 
verify: Service converged 
[root@server1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
cf716460f404        nginx:latest        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   18 seconds ago      Up 15 seconds       80/tcp              web.1.jhqep1wu2vxotil01fezdrwwy

可以拉伸服务的数量

[root@server1 ~]# docker service scale web=3
web scaled to 3
overall progress: 3 out of 3 tasks 
1/3: running   [==================================================>] 
2/3: running   [==================================================>] 
3/3: running   [==================================================>] 
verify: Service converged 

[root@server1 ~]# docker service ps web 
ID                  NAME                IMAGE               NODE                DESIRED STATE       CURRENT STATE                ERROR               PORTS
jhqep1wu2vxo        web.1               nginx:latest        server1             Running             Running 4 minutes ago                            
ea3el64yesyu        web.2               nginx:latest        server2             Running             Running about a minute ago                       
qtj2r801yg8j        web.3               nginx:latest        server3             Running             Running about a minute ago
监控节点

Visualizer是一个Docker集群图形化显示工具
安装监控工具

docker pull dockersamples/visualizer

在管理节点运行：

[root@server1 ~]# docker service create \
> --name=viz \
> --publish=8081:8080/tcp \
> --constraint=node.role==manager \
> --mount=type=bind,src=/var/run/docker.sock,dst=/var/run/docker.sock \
> dockersamples/visualizer:latest
br11x0dgv5jlpoyxqh16b8sd1
overall progress: 1 out of 1 tasks 
1/1: running   [==================================================>] 
verify: Service converged

在这里插入图片描述默认是负载均衡的：

[root@server1 ~]# curl server1
hello server3
[root@server1 ~]# curl server1
hello server1
[root@server1 ~]# curl server1
hello server2
[root@server1 ~]# curl server1
hello server3
[root@server1 ~]# curl server1
hello server1
[root@server1 ~]# curl server1
hello server2
灰度更新

拉伸到10个容器

[root@server1 ~]# docker service scale web=10
web scaled to 10
overall progress: 10 out of 10 tasks 
1/10: running   [==================================================>] 
2/10: running   [==================================================>] 
3/10: running   [==================================================>] 
4/10: running   [==================================================>] 
5/10: running   [==================================================>] 
6/10: running   [==================================================>] 
7/10: running   [==================================================>] 
8/10: running   [==================================================>] 
9/10: running   [==================================================>] 
10/10: running   [==================================================>] 
verify: Service converged

批量更新

docker service update --image httpd --update-delay 5s --update-parallelism 2 web

在这里插入图片描述

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