Java 线程与进程（一）

线程

概念

线程（thread）是操作系统能够进行运算调度的最小单位。它被包含在进程之中，是进程中的实际运作单位。一条线程指的是进程中一个单一顺序的控制流，一个进程中可以并发多个线程，每条线程并行执行不同的任务。

创建

public class ThreadTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Thread thread = new Thread(){
			   public void run(){
			     System.out.println("Thread Running!");
			   }
			};
			thread.start();
	}

}

1. 继承Thread类，重写run()；

创建线程只需要继承Thread类，然后在run方法里写下线程要实现的任务即可

//继承Thread类，重写run()
public class MyThread extends Thread{

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		MyThread thread = new MyThread();
		thread.start();
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(new MyThread());
		thread2.start();
	}
	//重写run()方法
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("MyThread running!");
	}

}

2. 实现Runnable接口,重写run()

//实现Runnable接口,重写run()
public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
	   public void run(){
	    System.out.println("MyRunnable running!");
	   }
	   
	   public static void main(String[] args) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		   Thread thread = new Thread(new MyRunnable());
		   thread.start();
		}
}

3. Callable接口

步骤：

1. 定义一个class实现Callable接口；
2. 重写call()；
3. 创建FutureTask的对象；
4. 创建Thread的对象；
5. 启动线程;thread.start();
6. 可通过FutureTask类的get()方法获得线程执行结束后的返回值，即call的返回值。futuretask.get();

//Callable接口只包含抽象方法V call()
public class Thread_Callable {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
        FutureTask<String> futuretask = new FutureTask<String>(new CallableImpl());
        Thread thread = new Thread(futuretask);
        thread.start();
        try {
            System.out.println(futuretask.get());
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

class CallableImpl implements Callable<String> {

    public String call() throws Exception {
        return "Thread_Callable!";
    }
}

4. 通过线程池来创建线程

步骤

1. 实现Callable接口，重写call()方法
2. 定义线程池
3. 利用submit()方法提交任务;
4. 利用FutureTask类get()方法获取返回值

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
//通过线程池来创建线程
public class ThreadPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    	/*
    	ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,    核心线程数
        				   int maximumPoolSize, 最大线程数
        				   long keepAliveTime,  线程空闲时间
        				   TimeUnit unit,       参数keepAliveTime的时间单位，共7种取值，{
        				   					TimeUnit.DAYS;         //天
        				   					TimeUnit.HOURS;        //小时
        				   					TimeUnit.MINUTES;      //分钟
        				   					TimeUnit.SECONDS;      //秒
        				   					TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS; //毫秒
        				   					TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS; //微妙
        				   					TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS;  //纳秒
        				   }
        				   BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) 阻塞队列
        */
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 10, 200,
        		TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(20));
        Future task = executor.submit(new CallableImpl());
        System.out.println(task.get());
        executor.shutdown();
    }
}

class RunnableImpl implements Runnable {

    public void run() {
        System.out.println("ThreadPool Running!");
    }
}