装饰器模式学习总结
装饰器模式(Decorator Pattern)允许向一个现有的对象添加新的功能,同时又不改变其结构。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式,它是作为现有的类的一个包装。
这种模式创建了一个装饰类,用来包装原有的类,并在保持类方法签名完整性的前提下,提供了额外的功能。
Demo实现
- 抽象实体
将所有的实体形状抽象为shape类,抽象“画方法”
package InterfacePackage;
public interface Shape {
void draw();
}
- 实现类
创建 Rectangle矩形和Circle圆形类实现形状类,并实现“画方法”–输出圆形或矩形
public class Circle implements Shape{
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Shape: Circle");
}
}
public class Rectangle implements Shape{
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Shape: Rectangle");
}
}
- 装饰器
创建装饰器ShapeDecorator抽象类实现shape形状类 并创建有参构造方法
public abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape {
protected Shape decoratedShape;
public ShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape){
this.decoratedShape = decoratedShape;
}
public void draw(){
decoratedShape.draw();
}
}
- 装饰器实体子类
创建RedShapeDecorator实体类继承ShapeDecorator 并重写“画方法”,使其可以添加红色边框属性。
public class RedShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator{
public RedShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape) {
super(decoratedShape);
}
public void draw(){
decoratedShape.draw();
setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
}
private void setRedBorder(Shape decoratedShape) {
System.out.println("Border Color: Red");
}
}
- 调用以及结果
public class TestDecorator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape circle = new Circle();
ShapeDecorator redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Circle());
ShapeDecorator redRectangle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Rectangle());
circle.draw();
redCircle.draw();
redRectangle.draw();
}
}
控制台结果: