范例一:创建一个"狗的类"
#coding:utf-8
class Dog():
#一次模拟小狗的简单尝试
#可将类视为有关如何创建实例的说明。Dog 类是一系列说明,让Python知道如何创建表示特定小狗的实例。
def __init__(self,name,age): ##此处是前后两个下划线“__”init"_ _"
#初始化属性name和age
self.name = name
self.age = age
def sit(self):
#模拟小狗被命令时蹲下
print(self.name.title() + " is now sitting.")
def roll_over(self):
#模拟小狗被命令时打滚
print(self.name.title() + " rolled over!")
##下面来创建一个表示特定小狗的实例
my_dog = Dog('willie',6)
#调用类中的方法
my_dog.sit()
my_dog.roll_over()
print("My dog's name is " + my_dog.name.title() + ".")
print("My dog is " + str(my_dog.age) + "year old.")
范例二:修改类中的属性值
#coding:utf-8
class Car():
def __init__(self,make,model,year):
#初始化描述汽车的属性
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.year = year
self.odometer_reading = 0
def get_description_name(self):
print(self.year,self.make,self.model)
def read_odometer(self):
#打印一条指出汽车里程的消息
print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " mile on it.")
my_new_car = Car('audi','a4',2016)
my_new_car.get_description_name()
my_new_car.read_odometer()
#方法一:直接修改
my_new_car = Car('audi','a4',2016)
my_new_car.get_description_name()
my_new_car.odometer_reading =23 #类中属性odometer_reading默认为0,可直接赋值修改
my_new_car.read_odometer()
#方法二:通过调用方法修改
def update_odometer(self,mileage): #在类中新建一个更新属性odometer_reading的方法
#将里程表读数设置为指定的值
self.odometer_reading = mileage
my_new_car = Car('audi','a4',2016)
my_new_car.get_description_name()
my_new_car.update_odometer(23) #调用更新属性的方法从而更新对应的属性值
my_new_car.read_odometer()
#方法三:自增函数修改
def increment_odometer(self,miles): #在类中新建一个用于增加属性值的方法
#将里程表读数增加指定的量
self.odometer_reading += miles
my_new_car.increment_odometer(23) ##调用方法即可在原值基础上增加相应的值
范例三:父类与子类的关系
#coding:utf-8
class Car():
#一次模拟汽车的简单尝试
def __init__(self,make,model,year):
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.year = year
self.odometer_reading = 0
def get_descriptive_name(self):
long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + \
' ' + self.model
return long_name.title()
def read_odometer(self):
print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + \
"miles on it")
def update_odometer(self,mileage):
if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
self.odometer_reading = mileage
else:
print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
def increment_odometer(self,miles):
self.odometer_reading += miles
class ElectricCar(Car):
#电动汽车的独特之处
def __init__(self,make,model,year):
#初始化父类的属性
super().__init__(make,model,year)
self.battery_size = 70
def describe_battery(self):
#打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息
print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + \
"-kWh battery.")
def fill_gas_tank(self):
#电动汽车没有邮箱
print("This car doesn't need a gas tank!")
my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','model s',2016)
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla.describe_battery()
my_tesla.fill_gas_tank()
范例四:类的调用
#coding:utf-8
class Car():
#一次模拟汽车的简单尝试
def __init__(self,make,model,year):
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.year = year
self.odometer_reading = 0
def get_descriptive_name(self):
long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + \
' ' + self.model
return long_name.title()
def read_odometer(self):
print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + \
"miles on it")
def update_odometer(self,mileage):
if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
self.odometer_reading = mileage
else:
print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
def increment_odometer(self,miles):
self.odometer_reading += miles
class Battery():
#一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试
def __init__(self,battery_size=70):
#初始化电瓶的属性
self.battery_size = battery_size
def describe_battery(self):
#打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息
print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + \
"-kWh battery.")
def get_range(self):
#打印一条消息,之处电瓶的续航里程
if self.battery_size == 70:
range =240
elif self.battery_size == 85:
range =270
message = "This car can go approximately " +str(range)
message += " miles on a full charge."
print(message)
class ElectricCar(Car):
#电动汽车的独特之处
def __init__(self,make,model,year):
#初始化父类的属性
super().__init__(make,model,year)
self.battery = Battery(70)
#def describe_battery(self):
# #打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息
# print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + \
# "-kWh battery.")
def fill_gas_tank(self):
#电动汽车没有邮箱
print("This car doesn't need a gas tank!")
my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','model s',2016)
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla.battery.describe_battery()
my_tesla.battery.get_range()
范例五:导入模块
#从一个模块中导入多个类
from test3 import Car,ElectricCar
my_beetle = Car('volkswagen','beetle',2016)
print(my_beetle.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','roadster',2016)
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())
#导入模块中的所有类
from test3 import *
my_beetle = Car('volkswagen','beetle',2016)
print(my_beetle.get_descriptive_name())
my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla','roadster',2016)
print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())