0307 线程通信（笔记）

目录

一、知识点

 二、代码练习

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一、知识点

1.线程优点

（1）即使是单核系统，多线程也可以为本进程利用更多CPU时间；

（2）线程少浪费系统资源，进程费时保护现场恢复现场

2. 结束进程   exit(-1)

    结束线程 pthread_exit() 、return

    gcc -lsqlite3 、 gcc -lm 、 gcc -lpthread

 

3.主线程、公共线程流程图

（1）pthread_create() (2)pthread_exit() (3)pthread_join()

 4.线程同步方式：

介绍Mutex和Conditions，信号量（信号灯了解即可）

 5.互锁信号量mutex:四种属性，NULL默认为普通

recursive 普通   

timed 嵌套(可以上多把锁，但只能是一个线程上的)

理解：？？自己可以自行车锁三把，但小偷要是加一把的话就打不开了？？

 6.条件变量  unlock-> wait-> lock

 7.网络7层和Linux四层划分

     直接体现：数据多层封装

 

 二、代码练习

1.线程

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

char message[] = "hello world";

void * tid_work(void * arg)
{
	printf("thread function in running argument is %s \n", (char *)arg);

    sleep(3);

	strcpy(message, "Bye");

	pthread_exit("thank you for your CPU time");	

}

int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
	int ret;
	void * thread_val;

    ret = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, tid_work, (void *)message);

    if (ret != 0)
	{
		perror("create thread error");
		exit(-1);
	}

    printf("waiting for thread to finish...\n");

	ret = pthread_join(tid, &thread_val);

	if (ret != 0)
	{
		perror("thread join error");
		exit(-1);
	}

	printf("thread joined, it returned %s\n", (char *)thread_val);

	printf("message is now: %s\n", message);

	return 0;
}

 2.条件变量

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define BUFFER_SIZE 16
#define OVER -1

struct prod
{
	int buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
	pthread_mutex_t lock;
	pthread_cond_t notempty;
	pthread_cond_t notfull;

	int readpos, writepos;
};

struct prod buf;

void init(struct prod * b)
{
	pthread_mutex_init(&b->lock, NULL);

	pthread_cond_init(&b->notempty, NULL);
	pthread_cond_init(&b->notfull, NULL);

	b->readpos = b->writepos = 0;
}

void put(struct prod *b, int data)
{
	pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);

    if(( b->writepos + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE == b->readpos)
	{
		pthread_cond_wait(&b->notfull, &b->lock);
	}
 
    b->buffer[b->writepos] = data;

	b->writepos++;

	if (b->writepos >= BUFFER_SIZE)
	{
		b->writepos = 0;
	}

	pthread_cond_signal(&b->notempty);

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);
}

int get(struct prod * b)
{
	int data;
  
    pthread_mutex_lock(&b->lock);

    if (b->readpos == b->writepos)
	{
		pthread_cond_wait(&b->notempty, &b->lock);
	}

	data = b->buffer[b->readpos];

	b->readpos = (b->readpos + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE;
	
	pthread_cond_signal(&b->notfull);

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&b->lock);

    return data;
}

void * customer(void)
{
	int d;

	while(1)
	{
        d = get(&buf);

		if (OVER == d)
		{
			break;
		}

		printf("---->%d\n", d);
	}

	return NULL;
}

void * producer(void)
{
	int n;

	for (n = 0; n < 20; n++)
	{
		printf("%d----->", n + 1);
		put(&buf, n + 1);
	}

	put(&buf, OVER);

	return NULL;
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t th_p, th_c;

	init(&buf);

    pthread_create(&th_p, NULL, (void *)producer, NULL);
    pthread_create(&th_c, NULL, (void *)customer, NULL);

	pthread_join(th_p, NULL);
	pthread_join(th_c, NULL);

	return 0;
}