搭建Spring Data JPA的开发环境

Spring Data JPA

---

虽然工作基本都是用Mybatis但是好奇心驱使我还是去了解了一下Spring Data JPA，发现这个东西还是挺好用的，不过有一说一，spring data jpa下的查询sql可读性确实是一般，然后贴上一下Demo叭…

1.引入Spring Data JPA的坐标

<properties>
		<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
		<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
		<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
		<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
		<mysql.version>5.1.18</mysql.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<!-- junit单元测试 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.12</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!-- spring beg -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
			<version>1.6.8</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- spring end -->

		<!-- hibernate beg -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
			<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- hibernate end -->

		<!-- c3p0 beg -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
			<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
			<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- c3p0 end -->

		<!-- log end -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>${log4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- log end -->

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>${mysql.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- SpringDataJpa核心包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
			<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- el beg -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.4</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
			<version>2.2.4</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- el end -->
	</dependencies>

2.整合Spring Data JPA与Spring

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">

    <!-- SpringDataJpa配置 -->
    <!-- 1、EntityManagerFactory 交给spring管理-->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <!-- 引用数据源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <!-- 扫描实体类所在的包-->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.zn.domain"></property>
        <!-- 指定JPA的提供商-->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"></bean>
        </property>
        <!--jpa提供商的适配器-->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
                <property name="showSql" value="true" />
            </bean>
        </property>
        <!-- JPA方言:可以使用jpa的高级特性 -->
        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"></bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 2、配置数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property>
        <property name="user" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 3、平台事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 4、SpringDataJpa的配置
    base-package: 基础包，基包   DAO接口所在的包
    entity-manager-factory-ref: 实体类管理器工厂的引用
    transaction-manager-ref: 平台事务管理器的引用
    -->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.zn.dao"
                      entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"
                      transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"></jpa:repositories>
    <!-- 5、开启组件的扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zn"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

3.配置实体类

/**
 *
 *      所有的注解都是使用JPA的规范提供的注解，
 *      所以在导入注解包的时候，一定要导入javax.persistence下的
 */
@Entity //声明实体类
@Table(name="cst_customer") //建立实体类和表的映射关系
public class Customer {

    @Id//声明当前私有属性为主键
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) //配置主键的生成策略
    @Column(name="cust_id") //指定和表中cust_id字段的映射关系
    private Long custId;

    @Column(name="cust_name") //指定和表中cust_name字段的映射关系
    private String custName;

    @Column(name="cust_source")//指定和表中cust_source字段的映射关系
    private String custSource;

    @Column(name="cust_industry")//指定和表中cust_industry字段的映射关系
    private String custIndustry;

    @Column(name="cust_level")//指定和表中cust_level字段的映射关系
    private String custLevel;

    @Column(name="cust_address")//指定和表中cust_address字段的映射关系
    private String custAddress;

    @Column(name="cust_phone")//指定和表中cust_phone字段的映射关系
    private String custPhone;

    public Long getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }
    public void setCustId(Long custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }
    public String getCustName() {
        return custName;
    }
    public void setCustName(String custName) {
        this.custName = custName;
    }
    public String getCustSource() {
        return custSource;
    }
    public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
        this.custSource = custSource;
    }
    public String getCustIndustry() {
        return custIndustry;
    }
    public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
        this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
    }
    public String getCustLevel() {
        return custLevel;
    }
    public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
        this.custLevel = custLevel;
    }
    public String getCustAddress() {
        return custAddress;
    }
    public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
        this.custAddress = custAddress;
    }
    public String getCustPhone() {
        return custPhone;
    }
    public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
        this.custPhone = custPhone;
    }
}

4.编写符合Spring Data JPA规范的Dao层接口(有点像Mybatis的注解SQL方式)

/**
 * 编写符合SpringDataJpa规范的接口
 * 		1、接口所在的包已经在配置文件中指定了
 * 		2、接口必须继承SpringDataJpa的接口：
 * 			1）JpaRepository<操作的实体类,注解类型>			CRUD的功能
 * 			2）JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类>		动态查询的功能
 */
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long>,JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer>{
	
	//精确查询
	@Query(value="from Customer where custLevel = ?1")
	public List<Customer> findJPQL1(String level);
	
	//模糊查询
	@Query(value="from Customer where custName like ?1")
	public List<Customer> findJPQL2(String name);
		

	//多条件查询
	//默认情况: 参数的列表索引与占位索引一致
	//如果想改变索引： 可以在占位符后面加上索引，从1开始
	@Query(value="from Customer where  custLevel = ?2  or custName like ?1 ")
	public List<Customer> findJPQL3(String name, String level);
	
	
	@Modifying //代表的是更新操作
	@Query("update Customer set custName = ?2 where custId = ?1")
	public void updateJpql(Long id,String name);
	
	
	//sql查询:：需要nativeQuery=true代表是sql查询
	@Query(value="SELECT * FROM cst_customer WHERE cust_name LIKE ?2 OR cust_level = ?1", nativeQuery=true)
	public List<Customer> findSQL(String level , String name);
	
	//精确查询
	//public List<Customer> findByCustName(String name);
	public Customer findByCustName(String name);
	
	//模糊查询
	public List<Customer> findByCustNameLike(String name);
	
	//多条件
	public List<Customer> findByCustNameLikeOrCustLevel(String name, String level);
	
}

5.编写测试类（就放上基本增删改查叭，其他的原理差不多）

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//加载配置文件
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class Test01_CRUD {

	@Autowired
	private CustomerDao customerDao;
	
	/**
	 * 查询一个
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1() {
		Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(1L);
		System.out.println(customer);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 保存 : save  没有ID就是保存
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		Customer c =new Customer();
		c.setCustName("小红公司");
		c.setCustLevel("VIP");
		customerDao.save(c);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 更新: save  如果有ID就是更新
	 */
	@Test
	public void test3() {
		// 第一种
		/*Customer c =new Customer();
		c.setCustId(5L);
		c.setCustName("小明公司");
		customerDao.save(c);*/
		
		//第二种
		Customer c = customerDao.findOne(5L);
		c.setCustName("小明公司");
		customerDao.save(c);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 删除
	 */
	@Test
	public void test4() {
		customerDao.delete(5L);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查询所有
	 */
	@Test
	public void test5() {
		List<Customer> list = customerDao.findAll();
		for (Customer customer : list) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
	}
}