Zookeeper实现分布式锁

     上篇文章中介绍了zookeeper的大致使用，但是可能读者还是会比较晕，zookeeper究竟可以用来干什么，现在有这样一个场景，在一个集群中，会定时向数据库写数据，但是并不希望集群中的每个机器都往数据库中写数据，这时候，需要一个第三方的协调工具来控制，这也正是我们所说的zookeeper的分布式协调功能，我们可以用zookeeper来实现一个分布式锁
     具体的实现思路是这样的
     集群中的机器一旦运行起来，就去zookeeper上注册一个带序号的临时节点，并增加监听，然后每次集群中序号最小的机器我们让他拿到锁，去执行写数据库操作，如果完成了删除节点并重新注册，这时候机器的其他机器监听到了这个动作，边会重新执行拿获取锁的操作，具体代码如下


        public class DistributedClient {
    // 超时时间
    private static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 5000;
    // zookeeper server列表
    private String hosts = "localhost:4180,localhost:4181,localhost:4182";
    private String groupNode = "locks";
    private String subNode = "sub";

    private ZooKeeper zk;
    // 当前client创建的子节点
    private String thisPath;
    // 当前client等待的子节点
    private String waitPath;

    private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);

    /**
     * 连接zookeeper
     */
    public void connectZookeeper() throws Exception {
        zk = new ZooKeeper(hosts, SESSION_TIMEOUT, new Watcher() {
            public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
                try {
                    // 连接建立时, 打开latch, 唤醒wait在该latch上的线程
                    if (event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
                        latch.countDown();
                    }

                    // 发生了waitPath的删除事件
                    if (event.getType() == EventType.NodeDeleted && event.getPath().equals(waitPath)) {
                        doSomething();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

        // 等待连接建立
        latch.await();

        // 创建子节点
        thisPath = zk.create("/" + groupNode + "/" + subNode, null, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
                CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);

        // wait一小会, 让结果更清晰一些
        Thread.sleep(10);

        // 注意, 没有必要监听"/locks"的子节点的变化情况
        List<String> childrenNodes = zk.getChildren("/" + groupNode, false);

        // 列表中只有一个子节点, 那肯定就是thisPath, 说明client获得锁
        if (childrenNodes.size() == 1) {
            doSomething();
        } else {
            String thisNode = thisPath.substring(("/" + groupNode + "/").length());
            // 排序
            Collections.sort(childrenNodes);
            int index = childrenNodes.indexOf(thisNode);
            if (index == -1) {
                // never happened
            } else if (index == 0) {
                // inddx == 0, 说明thisNode在列表中最小, 当前client获得锁
                doSomething();
            } else {
                // 获得排名比thisPath前1位的节点
                this.waitPath = "/" + groupNode + "/" + childrenNodes.get(index - 1);
                // 在waitPath上注册监听器, 当waitPath被删除时, zookeeper会回调监听器的process方法
                zk.getData(waitPath, true, new Stat());
            }
        }
    }

    private void doSomething() throws Exception {
        try {
            System.out.println("gain lock: " + thisPath);
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            // do something
        } finally {
            System.out.println("finished: " + thisPath);
            // 将thisPath删除, 监听thisPath的client将获得通知
            // 相当于释放锁
            zk.delete(this.thisPath, -1);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new Thread() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        DistributedClient dl = new DistributedClient();
                        dl.connectZookeeper();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }.start();
        }

        Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
    }
}
分布式多进程模式实现：


   public class DistributedClientMy {
	

	// 超时时间
	private static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 5000;
	// zookeeper server列表
	private String hosts = "spark01:2181,spark02:2181,spark03:2181";
	private String groupNode = "locks";
	private String subNode = "sub";
	private boolean haveLock = false;

	private ZooKeeper zk;
	// 当前client创建的子节点
	private volatile String thisPath;

	/**
	 * 连接zookeeper
	 */
	public void connectZookeeper() throws Exception {
		zk = new ZooKeeper("spark01:2181", SESSION_TIMEOUT, new Watcher() {
			public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
				try {

					// 子节点发生变化
					if (event.getType() == EventType.NodeChildrenChanged && event.getPath().equals("/" + groupNode)) {
						// thisPath是否是列表中的最小节点
						List<String> childrenNodes = zk.getChildren("/" + groupNode, true);
						String thisNode = thisPath.substring(("/" + groupNode + "/").length());
						// 排序
						Collections.sort(childrenNodes);
						if (childrenNodes.indexOf(thisNode) == 0) {
							doSomething();
							thisPath = zk.create("/" + groupNode + "/" + subNode, null, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
									CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
						}
					}
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});

		// 创建子节点
		thisPath = zk.create("/" + groupNode + "/" + subNode, null, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
				CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);

		// wait一小会, 让结果更清晰一些
		Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));

		// 监听子节点的变化
		List<String> childrenNodes = zk.getChildren("/" + groupNode, true);

		// 列表中只有一个子节点, 那肯定就是thisPath, 说明client获得锁
		if (childrenNodes.size() == 1) {
			doSomething();
			thisPath = zk.create("/" + groupNode + "/" + subNode, null, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
					CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 共享资源的访问逻辑写在这个方法中
	 */
	private void doSomething() throws Exception {
		try {
			System.out.println("gain lock: " + thisPath);
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			// do something
		} finally {
			System.out.println("finished: " + thisPath);
			// 将thisPath删除, 监听thisPath的client将获得通知
			// 相当于释放锁
			zk.delete(this.thisPath, -1);
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		DistributedClientMy dl = new DistributedClientMy();
		dl.connectZookeeper();
		Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
	}

}