DI:Dependency Injection(依赖注入)
从字面上分析:
IoC:指将对象的创建权,反转给了Spring容器;
DI :指Spring创建对象的过程中,将对象依赖属性(简单值,集合,对象)通过配置设值给该对象。
IoC和DI其实是同一个概念的不同角度描述,DI相对IoC而言,明确描述了“被注入对象依赖IoC容器配置依赖对象”。
所谓的依赖注入,就是属性不创建对象,通过配置文件的配置将Spring容器里面的对象注入给对应的属性
依赖注入有三种方式
1.setter注入(属性注入)
2.构造器注入
3.p命名空间注入
1、setter注入(属性注入)
setter注入,(也可以称之为属性注入)使用setter注入:
1,使用bean元素的property子元素设置;
a,简单类型值,直接使用value赋值;
b,引用类型,使用ref赋值;
c,集合类型,直接使用对应的集合类型元素即可。
2,spring通过属性的setter方法注入值;
3,在配置文件中配置的值都是string,spring可以自动的完成类型的转换
a、简单值和非集合普通对象注入
pojo
--Departmentpackage com.spring.pojo;
public class Department {
private Integer id;
private String name;
public Department() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Department(Integer id, String name) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Department [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}
–Employee
package com.spring.pojo;
public class Employee {
private Integer age;
private String name;
private Department dept;
public Employee() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Employee(Integer age, String name, Department dept) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
this.dept = dept;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Department getDept() {
return dept;
}
public void setDept(Department dept) {
this.dept = dept;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [age=" + age + ", name=" + name + ", dept=" + dept + "]";
}
}
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="myDept" class="com.spring.pojo.Department">
<!-- setter方法注入: 属性注入
<property name="" value="">
name : 属性名称
value : 基本数据类型+String类型的值注入
ref : 引用类型(对象类型)的注入
value 和ref 只能二选一
-->
<property name="id" value="1001"/>
<property name="name" value="研发部"/>
</bean>
<bean id="emp" class="com.spring.pojo.Employee">
<property name="age" value="12"/>
<property name="name" value="张三"/>
<property name="dept" ref="myDept"/>
</bean>
</beans>
测试代码
@Test
public void testName() throws Exception {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Department dept = applicationContext.getBean("myDept", Department.class);
Employee employee = applicationContext.getBean("emp",Employee.class);
System.out.println(dept);
System.out.println(employee);
}
结果图
b、集合类型注入
pojo
package com.spring.pojo;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
public class CollectionBean {
private Set<String> set;
private List<String> list;
private String[] array;
private Map<String, String> map;
private Properties prop; // 读取本地 xxx.properties文件(本质就是一个Map集合)
public Set<String> getSet() {
return set;
}
public void setSet(Set<String> set) {
this.set = set;
}
public List<String> getList() {
return list;
}
public void setList(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public String[] getArray() {
return array;
}
public void setArray(String[] array) {
this.array = array;
}
public Map<String, String> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
this.map = map;
}
public Properties getProp() {
return prop;
}
public void setProp(Properties prop) {
this.prop = prop;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CollectionBean [set=" + set + ", list=" + list + ", \narray=" + Arrays.toString(array) + ", map=" + map
+ ", prop=" + prop + "]";
}
}
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="collection" class="com.spring.pojo.CollectionBean">
<!-- set集合 -->
<property name="set">
<set>
<value>set1</value>
<value>set1</value>
<value>set2</value>
</set>
</property>
<!-- list集合 -->
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>list1</value>
<value>list2</value>
<value>list3</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- 数组array -->
<property name="array">
<array>
<value>array1</value>
<value>array2</value>
<value>array3</value>
</array>
</property>
<!-- 集合map -->
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="name" value="zhangsan"/>
<entry key="age" value="123"/>
</map>
</property>
<!-- properties对象 -->
<property name="prop">
<props>
<prop key="jdbc.username">root</prop>
<prop key="jdbc.password">123456</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试代码
@Test
public void testName() throws Exception {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//getBean(clazz);该方法必须保证spring容器中只有一个CollectionBean类型的对象
CollectionBean bean = applicationContext.getBean(CollectionBean.class);
System.out.println(bean);
}
测试结果
2、构造器类型
pojo
跟上面Department和Employee一致applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="my_dept" class="com.spring.pojo.Department">
<!--
1.index:在构造器中的参数索引(从0开始)
2.type:在构造器中的参数的类型
3.name:在构造器中按照构造器的参数名字设置值
4.type:参数类型,默认自动匹配
5.value:值类型注入(String,各种数据类型)
6.ref:引用类型注入
-->
<constructor-arg index="0" name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" value="1002"/>
<constructor-arg index="1" name="name" type="java.lang.String" value="策划部"/>
</bean>
<bean id="emp" class="com.spring.pojo.Employee">
<constructor-arg index="0" name="age" type="java.lang.Integer" value="23"/>
<constructor-arg index="1" name="name" type="java.lang.String" value="王五"/>
<constructor-arg index="2" name="dept" type="com.spring.pojo.Department" ref="my_dept"/>
</bean>
</beans>
测试代码
@Test
public void testName() throws Exception {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Department dept = applicationContext.getBean("my_dept", Department.class);
Employee employee = applicationContext.getBean("emp",Employee.class);
System.out.println(dept);
System.out.println(employee);
}
测试结果
3、p命名空间注入
pojo
跟上面Department和Employee一致applicationContext.xml
使用p命名空间注入先在约束上面引入 p标签xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"底层还是使用set方法注入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="my_dept" class="com.spring.pojo.Department"
p:id="1003"
p:name="销售部"
/>
<!--
使用p命名空间规则:当属性为String或基本数据类型,则使用p:属性名=值
当属性为对象时,则使用p:属性名-ref=对象bean的id
-->
<bean id="emp" class="com.spring.pojo.Employee"
p:age="30"
p:name="武则天"
p:dept-ref="my_dept"
/>
</beans>
测试代码
@Test
public void testName() throws Exception {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Department dept = applicationContext.getBean("my_dept", Department.class);
Employee employee = applicationContext.getBean("emp",Employee.class);
System.out.println(dept);
System.out.println(employee);
}