更多网络程序设计的文章见:目录
TCP回射客户/服务器
- echosrv.c
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
do\
{\
perror(m);\
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\
}while (0)
ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nread;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while(nleft > 0)
{
if((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if(errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if(nread == 0)
return count - nleft;
bufp += nread;
nleft -= nread;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nwritten;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while(nleft > 0)
{
if((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if(errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if(nwritten == 0)
continue;
bufp += nwritten;
nleft -= nwritten;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)//与原型相比去掉了flags
{//可以从套接口接收数据,可以指定不将缓冲区数据移除
while(1)
{
int ret = recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_PEEK);
if(ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
continue;
return ret;
}
}
//暗含读取方法,标准是一个个读取,但效率太低,因此用偷窥的方法
//recv_peek不可重入
ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline)
{
int ret;
int nread;
char *bufp = buf;
int nleft = maxline;
while(1)
{
ret = recv_peek(sockfd, bufp, nleft);
if(ret < 0)
return ret;
else if(ret == 0)
return ret;//对方关闭了套接口
nread = ret;
int i;
for(i = 0; i < nread; i++)//最简单情况,有一条消息,我们读走
{
if(bufp[i] == '\n')
{
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, i + 1);
if(ret != i+1)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
return ret;
}
}
if(nread > nleft)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
nleft -= nread;
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, nread);
if(ret != nread)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
bufp += nread;
}
return -1;
}
void echo_srv(int conn)
{
char recvbuf[1024];
while(1)
{
memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));
int ret = readline(conn, recvbuf, 1024);
if(ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("readline");
if(ret == 0)
{
printf("client close\n");
break;
}
fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
writen(conn, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf));
}
}
void handle_sigchld(int sig)
{
/* wait(NULL);*/
while(waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);//处理多个进程
}
int main(void)
{
//signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);//解决僵尸进程问题
//另一种方法(推荐,加上waitpid的调用)
signal(SIGCHLD, handle_sigchld);
int listenfd;
if((listenfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP))<0)//创建套接字小于0表示失败
/* if((listenfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))<0);*///让内核自己选定协议
ERR_EXIT("socket");
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
//servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
//inet_aton("10.18.95.29",&servaddr.sin_addr);
int on = 1;
if(setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&on,sizeof(on))<0)
ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
if(bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr))<0)
ERR_EXIT("bind");
if(listen(listenfd,SOMAXCONN)<0)
ERR_EXIT("listen");
struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
int conn;
pid_t pid;
while(1)
{
if((conn = accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,&peerlen)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("accept");
printf("ip=%s,port=%d\n",inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr),ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));
pid = fork();
if(pid == -1)
ERR_EXIT("fork");
if(pid == 0)
{
close(listenfd);
echo_srv(conn);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
else
close(conn);
}
return 0;
}
- echocli.c
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
do \
{ \
perror(m); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
}while(0)
ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nread;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while(nleft > 0)
{
if((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if(errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if(nread == 0)
return count - nleft;
bufp += nread;
nleft -= nread;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nwritten;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while(nleft > 0)
{
if((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if(errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if(nwritten == 0)
continue;
bufp += nwritten;
nleft -= nwritten;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)//与原型相比去掉了flags
{//可以从套接口接收数据,可以指定不将缓冲区数据移除
while(1)
{
int ret = recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_PEEK);
if(ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
continue;
return ret;
}
}
//暗含读取方法,标准是一个个读取,但效率太低,因此用偷窥的方法
//recv_peek不可重入
ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline)
{
int ret;
int nread;
char *bufp = buf;
int nleft = maxline;
while(1)
{
ret = recv_peek(sockfd, bufp, nleft);
if(ret < 0)
return ret;
else if(ret == 0)
return ret;//对方关闭了套接口
nread = ret;
int i;
for(i = 0; i < nread; i++)//最简单情况,有一条消息,我们读走
{
if(bufp[i] == '\n')
{
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, i + 1);
if(ret != i+1)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
return ret;
}
}
if(nread > nleft)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
nleft -= nread;
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, nread);
if(ret != nread)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
bufp += nread;
}
return -1;
}
void echo_cli(int sock)//封装成一个函数,显得更清晰
{
char sendbuf[1024] = {0};
char recvbuf[1024] = {0};
while(fgets(sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), stdin) != NULL)
{
writen(sock, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf));
int ret = readline(sock, &recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf));
if(ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("readline");
else if(ret == 0)
{
printf("client_close\n");
break;
}
fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
memset(sendbuf, 0, sizeof(sendbuf));
memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));
}
close(sock);
}
int main(void)
{
int sock;
if((sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
{
ERR_EXIT("socket");
}
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
//servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//定义IP地址INTADDR_ANY这个的意思是本机全部地址,但服务器和客户端一般不在一台主机
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");//定义IP地址
if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
{
ERR_EXIT("connect");
}
struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(localaddr);
if(getsockname(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&localaddr, &addrlen) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("getsockname");
printf("ip=%s,port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(localaddr.sin_addr),ntohs(localaddr.sin_port));
echo_cli(sock);
return 0;
}
TCP是个流协议
- TCP是基于字节流传输的,只维护发送出去多少,确认了多少,没有维护消息与消息之间的边界,因而可能导致粘包问题
- 粘包问题解决方法是在应用层维护消息边界
- 更多参考:以往博客
僵进程与SIGCHLD信号
- 利用
signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
或signal(SIGCHLD, handle_sigchld);
- 具体实现在上面写出了
- echocli2.c测试代码(客户终止导致关闭五个连接,终止5个子进程)
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
do \
{ \
perror(m); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
}while(0)
ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nread;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while(nleft > 0)
{
if((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if(errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if(nread == 0)
return count - nleft;
bufp += nread;
nleft -= nread;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nwritten;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while(nleft > 0)
{
if((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if(errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if(nwritten == 0)
continue;
bufp += nwritten;
nleft -= nwritten;
}
return count;
}
ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)//与原型相比去掉了flags
{//可以从套接口接收数据,可以指定不将缓冲区数据移除
while(1)
{
int ret = recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_PEEK);
if(ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
continue;
return ret;
}
}
//暗含读取方法,标准是一个个读取,但效率太低,因此用偷窥的方法
//recv_peek不可重入
ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline)
{
int ret;
int nread;
char *bufp = buf;
int nleft = maxline;
while(1)
{
ret = recv_peek(sockfd, bufp, nleft);
if(ret < 0)
return ret;
else if(ret == 0)
return ret;//对方关闭了套接口
nread = ret;
int i;
for(i = 0; i < nread; i++)//最简单情况,有一条消息,我们读走
{
if(bufp[i] == '\n')
{
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, i + 1);
if(ret != i+1)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
return ret;
}
}
if(nread > nleft)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
nleft -= nread;
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, nread);
if(ret != nread)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
bufp += nread;
}
return -1;
}
void echo_cli(int sock)
{
char sendbuf[1024] = {0};
char recvbuf[1024] = {0};
while(fgets(sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), stdin) != NULL)
{
writen(sock, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf));
int ret = readline(sock, &recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf));
if(ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("readline");
else if(ret == 0)
{
printf("client_close\n");
break;
}
fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
memset(sendbuf, 0, sizeof(sendbuf));
memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));
}
close(sock);
}
int main(void)
{
int sock[5];
int i;
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
if((sock[i] = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
{
ERR_EXIT("socket");
}
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
//servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//定义IP地址INTADDR_ANY这个的意思是本机全部地址,但服务器和客户端一般不在一台主机
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");//定义IP地址
if(connect(sock[i],(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
{
ERR_EXIT("connect");
}
struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(localaddr);
if(getsockname(sock[i], (struct sockaddr*)&localaddr, &addrlen) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("getsockname");
printf("ip=%s,port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(localaddr.sin_addr),ntohs(localaddr.sin_port));
}
echo_cli(sock[0]);
return 0;
}