#网络程序设计#（十一）并发网络编程

更多网络程序设计的文章见：目录

select限制

• 用select实现的并发服务器，能达到的并发数，受两方面的限制
  • 一个进程能打开的最大文件描述符限制，可以通过调整内核参数
  • select中的fd_set集合容量的限制(FD_SETSIZE)，这需要重新编译内核
• 第一个限制解决（需要切换到root用户）
  • 方法一：命令ulimit -n 2048
  • 方法二：代码：

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h> 
#include <sys/wait.h>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
 
#define ERR_EXIT(m)  \
	do\
	{\
		perror(m);\
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\
	}while (0)

int main(void)
{
	struct rlimit rl;
	if(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) < 0)
		ERR_EXIT("getrlimit");

	printf("%d\n", (int)rl.rlim_max);

	rl.rlim_cur = 2048;
	rl.rlim_max = 2048;
	if(setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) < 0)
		ERR_EXIT("setrlimit");

	if(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) < 0)
		ERR_EXIT("getrlimit");

	printf("%d\n", (int)rl.rlim_max);

}

• 测试代码conntest.c

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define ERR_EXIT(m)				\
	do					\
	{					\
		perror(m);			\
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);		\
	}while(0)


int main(void)
{
	int count = 0;
	while(1)
	{
		int sock;
		if((sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
		{
			sleep(4);
			ERR_EXIT("socket");
		}
	
		struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
		memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
		servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
		servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
		servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

		if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
		{
			ERR_EXIT("connect");
		}

		struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
		socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(localaddr);
		if(getsockname(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&localaddr, &addrlen) < 0)
			ERR_EXIT("getsockname");

		printf("ip=%s,port=%d\n", inet_ntoa(localaddr.sin_addr),ntohs(localaddr.sin_port));
		
		printf("count = %d\n", ++count);
	}
	
	return 0;
}

poll

#include<poll.h>
int poll(struct pollfd *fds, nfds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);

• 解决了FD_SETSIZE的限制
• 只需要改服务器端程序

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h> 
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <poll.h>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
 
#define ERR_EXIT(m)  \
	do\
	{\
		perror(m);\
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\
	}while (0)

 
ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
	size_t nleft = count;
	ssize_t nread;
	char *bufp = (char*)buf;

	while(nleft > 0)
	{
		if((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
		{
			if(errno == EINTR)
				continue;
			return -1;
		}
		else if(nread == 0)
			return count - nleft;

		bufp += nread;
		nleft -= nread;
	}

	return count;
}

ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
	size_t nleft = count;
	ssize_t nwritten;
	char *bufp = (char*)buf;

	while(nleft > 0)
	{
		if((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
		{
			if(errno == EINTR)
				continue;
			return -1;
		}
		else if(nwritten == 0)
			continue;

		bufp += nwritten;
		nleft -= nwritten;
	}

	return count;
}

ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)
{
	while(1)
	{
		int ret = recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_PEEK);
		if(ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)
			continue;
		return ret;
	}	
}

ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline)
{
	int ret;
	int nread;
	char *bufp = buf;
	int nleft = maxline;
	while(1)
	{
		ret = recv_peek(sockfd, bufp, nleft);
		if(ret < 0)
			return ret;
		else if(ret == 0)
			return ret;

		nread = ret;
		int i;
		for(i = 0; i < nread; i++)
		{
			if(bufp[i] == '\n')
			{
				ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, i + 1);
				if(ret != i+1)
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				return ret;
			}
		}
		if(nread > nleft)
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

		nleft -= nread;
		ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, nread);
		if(ret != nread)
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

		bufp += nread;
	}
	return -1;

}

void echo_srv(int conn)
{
	char recvbuf[1024];	
	while(1)
	{
		memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));
		int ret = readline(conn, recvbuf, 1024);
		if(ret == -1)
			ERR_EXIT("readline");
		if(ret == 0)
		{
			printf("client close\n");
			break;
		}		

		fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
		writen(conn, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf));
	}
} 

void handle_sigchld(int sig)
{
/*	wait(NULL);*/
	while(waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);
}

void handle_sigpipe(int sig)
{
	printf("recv a sig=%d\n", sig);
}

int main(void)
{
	int count = 0;	
	signal(SIGPIPE, handle_sigpipe);
	signal(SIGCHLD, handle_sigchld);
	int listenfd;
	if((listenfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP))<0)
		ERR_EXIT("socket");
 
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
	memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
	servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

	int on = 1;
	if(setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&on,sizeof(on))<0)
		ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");

	if(bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr))<0)
		ERR_EXIT("bind");
 
	if(listen(listenfd,SOMAXCONN)<0)
		ERR_EXIT("listen");
	
	struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
	socklen_t peerlen;
	int conn;

//与前面不同的地方！如下：
	int i;
	struct pollfd client[2048];
	int maxi = 0;
	
	for(i = 0; i < 2048; i++)
	{
		client[i].fd = -1;
	}

	int nready;
	client[0].fd = listenfd;
	client[0].events = POLLIN;

	while(1)
	{
		nready = poll(client, maxi+1, -1);
		if(nready == -1)
		{
			if(errno == EINTR)
				continue;

			ERR_EXIT("select");
		}
		if(nready == 0)
			continue;

		if(client[0].revents & POLLIN)
		{
			peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
			conn = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr, &peerlen);
			if(conn == -1)
				ERR_EXIT("accept");
			
			for(i = 0; i < 2048; i++)
			{
				if(client[i].fd < 0)
				{
					client[i].fd = conn;
					if(i > maxi)
						maxi = i;
					break;
				}
			}

			if(i == 2048)
			{
				fprintf(stderr, "too many client\n");
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
			printf("ip=%s,port=%d\n",inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr),ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));
			printf("count = %d\n", ++count);
			
			client[i].events = POLLIN;
			

			if(--nready <= 0)
				continue;
		}

		for(i = 1; i <= maxi; i++)
		{
			conn = client[i].fd;
			if(conn == -1)
				continue;
			if(client[i].events & POLLIN)
			{
				char recvbuf[1024] = {0};
				int ret = readline(conn, recvbuf, 1024);
				if(ret == -1)
					ERR_EXIT("readline");
				if(ret == 0)
				{
					printf("client close\n");
					client[i].fd = -1;
					close(conn);
				}		
		
				fputs(recvbuf, stdout);
				sleep(4);
				writen(conn, recvbuf, strlen(recvbuf));

				if(--nready <= 0)
					break;
			}

		}

	}
	return 0;

}