1. 守护线程
用户线程:我们平常创建的普通线程。
守护线程(即 Daemon thread):是个服务线程,用来服务于用户线程;不需要上层逻辑介入,当然我们也可以手动创建一个守护线程。在JVM中,所有非守护线程都执行完毕后,无论有没有守护线程,虚拟机都会自动退出。
我们在main方法中创建一个死循环的用户线程并执行main方法,会发现程序不会自己结束;如果将创建的线程设置为守护线程,则main方法执行完毕后,程序将自动推出。
示例代码:
package org.example;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Slf4j
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
}
}, "t1");
// 将t1设置为守护线程,如果t1不是守护线程,程序将无法结束
t1.setDaemon(true);
t1.start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10L);
}
}
2. 进程状态
Thread的getgetState可以回去线程的状态,JVM中定义了5中状态,定义如下:
public enum State {
/**
* Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
*/
NEW,
/**
* Thread state for a runnable thread. A thread in the runnable
* state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
* be waiting for other resources from the operating system
* such as processor.
*/
RUNNABLE,
/**
* Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
* A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
* to enter a synchronized block/method or
* reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
* {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
*/
BLOCKED,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread.
* A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
* following methods:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
* perform a particular action.
*
* For example, a thread that has called {@code Object.wait()}
* on an object is waiting for another thread to call
* {@code Object.notify()} or {@code Object.notifyAll()} on
* that object. A thread that has called {@code Thread.join()}
* is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
*/
WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
* A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
* the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
* <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
* </ul>
*/
TIMED_WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a terminated thread.
* The thread has completed execution.
*/
TERMINATED;
}