安装docker&&下载MySQL镜像 （一）

（一）使用仓库进行docker安装

①安装apt依赖包，用于通过HTTPS来获取仓库

sudo apt-get install \
	 apt-transport-https \
     ca-certificates \
     curl \
     gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

②添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

③验证您现在是否拥有带有指纹的密钥

sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

④设置稳定版仓库（这里设置阿里云的仓库)

sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) table"

（二）安装 Docker Engine-Community

⑤更新 apt 包索引

sudo apt-get update

⑥安装最新版本的 Docker Engine-Community 和 containerd

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

⑦检查是否安装成功

docker version

启动docker

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

建立docker用户组

默认情况下，docker 命令会使用 Unix socket 与 Docker 引擎通讯。而只有 root 用户和 docker 组的用户才可以访问 Docker 引擎的 Unix socket。出于安全考虑，一般 Linux 系统上不会直接使用 root 用户。因此，更好地做法是将需要使用 docker 的用户加入 docker 用户组。

建立 docker 组：sudo groupadd docker

将当前用户加入 docker 组：sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
退出当前终端并重新登录，进行如下测试。

docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:

镜像加速配置

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

可自己申请阿里云镜像加速阿里云

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
 {
   "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
 }
 EOF

下载最新版MySQL镜像

docker pull mysql:latest

docker run -itd --name mysql-test -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql

docker ps

docker exec -it mysql-test bash

mysql -u root -p