MySQL安装部署YUM/编译
MySQL部署之yum安装
#初始化服务器
sed -ri s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g /etc/selinux/config
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
#安装必要的软件包
yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
警告:mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql80-community-release-el7-1 ################################# [100%]
[root@mysql ~]#
#修改安装mysql的yum源文件
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
把安装5.7的源打开, 关闭安装8.0的源
yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-client
systemctl start mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld
#脚本非交互修改安装mysql的yum源文件:
使用yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community来取消mysql80-community的默认安装,然后
使用yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community来使能mysql57-community成为yum默认安装版本。
#数据库初始化后的密码过滤出来
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-12-26T22:41:24.218413Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %i+g10uS.dre
#登陆数据库
mysql -uroot -p"%i+g10uS.dre"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.24
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#修改数据库密码
方法一:mysqladmin -u root -p'123' passwd '123'
方法二:update user set authentication_string=PASSWD('xiaoqiang') where user='root';
flush privileges;
方法三:alter user root@localhost identified by '123'
补充:
[root@xiaoqiang ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
# 关闭mysql密码强度策略,生产环境切勿尝试,首次启动不可关闭
validate-password=OFF
# 跳过密码进入数据库,用于忘记密码时使用
skip-grant-tables
MySQL部署之源码安装[简略]
#清理安装环境
systemctl stop mysqld mariadb &>/dev/null
yum erase -y `rpm -qa |grep mariadb` 2>/dev/null
yum erase -y `rpm -qa |grep mysql` 2>/dev/null
rm -rvf /etc/my.cnf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysql*
##所需要的依赖及安装mysql的包
yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison libgcrypt perl make cmake openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ make glibc automake autoconf cmake
## 下载编译包
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz
##在系统中添加运行mysqld进程的用户mysql
groupadd mysql && useradd -M -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
##在系统中添加自定义mysql数据库目录及其他必要目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysqld/{data,mysql,log,tmp}
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysqld/*
##将下载的mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz包解压到当前目录,并执行以下部署操作
tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.7.24
cmake . \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost/boost_1_59_0/ \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysqld/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysqld/data \
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
# echo $?
0
# make -j `lscpu | awk 'NR==4{ print $2 }'` && make install
#采用cpu最大核心编译
#如果安装出错,想重新安装:
不用重新解压,只需要删除安装目录中的缓存文件CMakeCache.txt
##初始化MySQL安装配置
1.提升MySQL命令为系统级别命令
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysqld/mysql/bin" >>/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
2.拷贝默认配置文件至/etc/my.cnf中
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysqld
cd /usr/local/mysqld/mysql/mysql-test/include
cp default_mysqld.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp /etc/{my.cnf,my.cnf.bak}
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysqld/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysqld/data
tmpdir = /usr/local/mysqld/tmp
socket = /usr/local/mysqld/tmp/mysql.sock
pid_file = /usr/local/mysqld/tmp/mysqld.pid
log_error = /usr/local/mysqld/log/mysql_error.log
slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysqld/log/slow_warn.log
server_id = 1
user = mysql
port = 3306
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
character-set-server = utf8
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
3.执行数据库服务初始化操作
mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user='mysql'
4.启动mysqld服务
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
[1] 25705
2018-12-28T09:19:35.334751Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysqld/log/mysql_error.log'.
2018-12-28T09:19:35.379829Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysqld/data
5.设置mysql.socket软链接到mysql命令指定的目录中
ln -s /usr/local/mysqld/tmp/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
6.配置mysqld服务的管理工具
cp /usr/local/mysqld/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
增加mysql服务并开机启动[mysqld必须在init.d下]:# chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
##登录数据库并进行更改密码
grep "password" /usr/local/mysqld/log/mysql_error.log
2018-12-28T09:18:34.214401Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ejhszb2:m3wJ
[root@mysql_source tmp]# mysql -uroot -p"ejhszb2:m3wJ"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.24-log
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by "(Bavdu..1228)";
企业中常用的MySQL部署参数:<参考使用>
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysqld/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysqld/data \
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \
-DWITH_BOOST=/root/mysql-5.7.24/boost \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DENABLE_DTRACE=0 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1
MySQL部署之源码安装
安装依赖包
注: 相关依赖包的作用
cmake:由于从MySQL5.5版本开始弃用了常规的configure编译方法,所以需要CMake编译器,用于设置mysql的编译参数。如:安装目录、数据存放目录、字符编码、排序规则等。
Boost:从MySQL 5.7.5开始Boost库是必需的,mysql源码中用到了C++的Boost库,要求必须安装
源码安装
与二进制(RPM)发行版本相比,如果我们选择了通过源代码进行安装,那么在安装过程中我们能够对MySQL
所做的调整将会更多更灵活一些。因为通过源代码编译我们可以:
a) 针对自己的硬件平台选用合适的编译器来优化编译后的二进制代码;
b) 根据不同的软件平台环境调整相关的编译参数;
c) 针对我们特定应用场景选择需要什么组件不需要什么组件;
d) 根据我们的所需要存储的数据内容选择只安装我们需要的字符集(utf-8);
e) 同一台主机上面可以安装多个MySQL;
在源码安装给我们带来更大灵活性的同时,同样也给我们带来了可能引入的隐患:
a) 对编译参数的不够了解造成编译参数使用不当可能使编译出来的二进制代码不够稳定;
b) 对自己的应用环境把握失误而使用的优化参数可能反而使系统性能更差;
c) 还有一个并不能称之为隐患的小问题就是源码编译安装将使安装部署过程更为复杂,所花费的时间更长;
##所需要的依赖及安装mysql的包
[root@mysql_source ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
[root@mysql_source ~]# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel openssl-devel bison libgcrypt gcc gcc-c++ make cmake
bison Linux下C/C++语法分析器
ncurses:字符终端处理库
[root@mysql_source ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz
##在系统中添加运行mysqld进程的用户mysql
[root@mysql_source ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysql_source ~]# useradd -M -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
##在系统中添加自定义mysql数据库目录及其他必要目录
[root@mysql_source ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/{data,mysql,log,tmp}
[root@mysql_source ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/{data,mysql,log,tmp}
##将mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz解压到当前目录,并执行部署操作
[root@mysql_source ~]# tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.24.tar.gz
[root@mysql_source ~]# cd mysql-5.7.24
[root@mysql_source mysql-5.7.24]# cmake . \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost/boost_1_59_0/ \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
提示:boost也可以使用如下指令自动下载,如果不下载bost压缩包,把下面的这一条添加到配置中第二行
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1/
参数详解:
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ 安装目录
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ 配置文件存放 (默认可以不安装配置文件)
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ 数据目录 错误日志文件也会在这个目录
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man \ 帮助文档
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ 默认端口
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \ sock文件位置,用来做网络通信的,客户端连接服务器的时候用
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ 默认字符集。字符集的支持,可以调
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ 扩展的字符集支持所有的
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ 支持的
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \ 上下翻历史命令
-DWITH_SSL=system \ 使用私钥和证书登陆(公钥) 可以加密。 适用与长连接。坏处:速度慢
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ 嵌入式数据库
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ 从本地倒入数据,不是备份和恢复。
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 默认的存储引擎,支持外键
[root@mysql_source mysql-5.7.24]# echo $?
0
[root@mysql_source mysql-5.7.24]# make -j `lscpu | awk 'NR==4{ print $2 }'`
......
[100%] Built target udf_example
[root@mysql_source mysql-5.7.24]# echo $?
0
[root@mysql_source mysql-5.7.24]# make install
......
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
[root@mysql_source mysql-5.7.24]# echo $?
0
[root@mysql_source mysql-5.7.24]#
Congratulations Complete!
##初始化MySQL安装配置
1.提升MySQL命令为系统级别命令
[root@mysql_source ~]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin'>>/etc/profile
[root@mysql_source ~]# source /etc/profile
2.拷贝默认配置文件至/etc/my.cnf中
[root@mysql_source mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql_source ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test/include
[root@mysql_source ~]#cp default_mysqld.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql_source include]# cp /etc/{my.cnf,my.cnf.bak}
[root@mysql_source include]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql #安装目录
datadir = /usr/local/data #数据存放目录
tmpdir = /usr/local/tmp #/tmp缓存目录
socket = /usr/local/tmp/mysql.sock #指定socket文件的位置
pid_file = /usr/local/tmp/mysqld.pid #指定pid文件的位置
log_error = /usr/local/log/mysql_error.log #错误日志的位置
slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/log/slow_warn.log #慢日志查询
server_id = 1 #server-id=??
user = mysql #指定用户
port = 3306 #指定端口
bind-address = 0.0.0.0 #监听地址(允许所以ip访问)
character-set-server = utf8 #字符集
default_storage_engine = InnoDB #引擎
3.执行数据库服务初始化操作
[root@mysql_source mysql]# mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user='mysql'
4.启动mysqld服务
[root@mysql_source mysql]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
[1] 25705
2019-8-18T09:19:35.334751Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/log/mysql_error.log'.
2019-8-18T09:19:35.379829Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/data
5.设置mysql.socket软链接到mysql命令指定的目录中
[root@mysql_source ~]# ln -s /usr/local/tmp/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
6.配置mysqld服务的管理工具(便于启动)
[root@mysql_source support-files]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
[root@mysql_source support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql_source support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@mysql_source support-files]# chkconfig mysqld on
##登录数据库并进行更改密码
[root@mysql_source mysql]# grep "password" /usr/local/log/mysql_error.log
2019-8-18T09:18:34.214401Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ejhszb2:m3wJ
[root@mysql_source tmp]# mysql -uroot -p"ejhszb2:m3wJ"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.24-log
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by "(Bavdu..1228)";