【Python第6篇】Python中的数据类型——字符串及常用运算、函数

一、字符串的概念

字符串是由字母、符号、数字等组成的一连串字符，一般放在一组单引号或双引号中间。一个字符串的单引号或双引号必须匹配。请看下面的代码示例：

first_name = 'David'
last_name = "Smith"

print(first_name)
# David

print(last_name)
# Smith

如果字符串较长，而且是多行，则可以将该字符串放在一组符号（'''，三个单引号）中间。请看下面的代码示例：

print('''
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the Milky Way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced, but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed -and gazed -but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
——(William Wordsworth，1770-1850)
''')

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二、字符串的书写方法

1. 字符串内含有引号的书写方法

由于字符串首尾都需要加引号，因此，如果字符串内含有引号，则需要通过下列方法来处理：

（1） 如果字符串内含有单引号，则需要将字符串放在双引号中间。

（2） 如果字符串内含有双引号，则需要将字符串放在单引号中间。

（3）在字符串内的引号前加上转义符\（反斜杠，backslash）。

（4）在字符串引号前加上字母r，r在这里表示raw string，将不转义字符串内任何内容。

请看下面的代码示例：

单双引号转换：

string1 = 'This is the slogan: "Life is short, I use Python!"'
print(string1)