python混淆矩阵可视化【热力图】

依赖包

seaborn 和 matplotlib 已经提供了很多种绘制方法了，后文各种方法都是围绕着这个进行的

import itertools
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

 

对比

下面将给出三种实现方法，效果图分别为：
方法1：

方法2：

方法3：

【注意】 关于每个图的颜色效果（称为色彩映射），三种方法的颜色效果都是可以改变的，详情见后文的 【色彩映射】 部分。

 

方法1

代码：

def heatmap(data, row_labels, col_labels, ax=None,
            cbar_kw={
   }, cbarlabel="", **kwargs):
    """
    Create a heatmap from a numpy array and two lists of labels.

    Parameters
    ----------
    data
        A 2D numpy array of shape (N, M).
    row_labels
        A list or array of length N with the labels for the rows.
    col_labels
        A list or array of length M with the labels for the columns.
    ax
        A `matplotlib.axes.Axes` instance to which the heatmap is plotted.  If
        not provided, use current axes or create a new one.  Optional.
    cbar_kw
        A dictionary with arguments to `matplotlib.Figure.colorbar`.  Optional.
    cbarlabel
        The label for the colorbar.  Optional.
    **kwargs
        All other arguments are forwarded to `imshow`.
    """

    if not ax:
        ax = plt.gca()

    # Plot the heatmap
    im = ax.imshow(data, **kwargs)

    # Create colorbar
    cbar = ax.figure.colorbar(im, ax=ax, **cbar_kw)
    cbar.ax.set_ylabel(cbarlabel, rotation=-90, va="bottom",
                       fontsize=15,family='Times New Roman')

    # We want to show all ticks...
    ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]))
    ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data.shape[0]))
    # ... and label them with the respective list entries.
    ax.set_xticklabels(col_labels,fontsize=12,family='Times New Roman')
    ax.set_yticklabels(row_labels,fontsize=12,family='Times New Roman')

    # Let the horizontal axes labeling appear on top.
    ax.tick_params(top=True, bottom=False,
                   labeltop=True, labelbottom=False)

    # Rotate the tick labels and set their alignment.
    plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(), rotation=-30, ha="right",
             rotation_mode="anchor")

    # Turn spines off and create white grid.
    for edge, spine in ax.spines.items():
        spine.set_visible(False)

    ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]+1)-.5, minor=True)
    ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data