lxml库常用函数Demo

from lxml import etree

解析XML文件

tree = etree.parse('example.xml')
root = tree.getroot()

遍历根节点的子元素

for element in root:
    print(f"Element tag: {element.tag}, Element text: {element.text}")

使用XPath表达式查找元素

element = root.find(".//subelement")
if element is not None:
    print(f"Found element: {element.tag}, Element text: {element.text}")

获取元素的属性

element = root.find("element1")
if element is not None:
    attribute_value = element.get("attribute_name")
    print(f"Attribute value: {attribute_value}")

修改元素的文本内容

element = root.find("element1")
if element is not None:
    element.text = "New text"
    #把修改后的内容写回原文件
    #tree.write('output.xml', pretty_print=True, encoding='utf-8')

添加新元素

new_element = etree.Element("new_element")
new_element.text = "New element text"
root.append(new_element)

删除元素

element_to_delete = root.find("element_to_delete")
if element_to_delete is not None:
    root.remove(element_to_delete)

将Element对象转换为XML字符串

xml_string = etree.tostring(root, pretty_print=True, encoding='utf-8')

保存为XML文件

with open('output.xml', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(xml_string)

创建一个 XML 字符串

xml_data = """
<root>
    <book>
        <title>Python Programming</title>
        <author>John Doe</author>
        <price>29.99</price>
    </book>
    <book>
        <title>Web Development</title>
        <author>Jane Smith</author>
        <price>19.95</price>
    </book>
</root>
"""

解析 XML 字符串

root = etree.fromstring(xml_data)

获取根元素的标签名

print("根元素标签名:", root.tag)

获取所有 book 元素

books = root.findall(".//book")

遍历所有 book 元素并输出信息

for book in books:
    title = book.find("title").text
    author = book.find("author").text
    price = book.find("price").text
    print("书名:", title)
    print("作者:", author)
    print("价格:", price)
    print()