【sql】leetcode.185部门工资前三高的员工

Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的工号 Id，姓名 Name，工资 Salary 和部门编号 DepartmentId 。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 85000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
| 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
| 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
| 7  | Will  | 70000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门获得前三高工资的所有员工。例如，根据上述给定的表，查询结果应返回：

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
| IT         | Joe      | 85000  |
| IT         | Will     | 70000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

一、表的连接
先连接两个Employee表找出每个部门前三的员工，再连接Department表显示结果。

select d.name as Department, e1.name as Empolyee, e1.salary as Salary
from Employee as e1
join Department as d
on e1.DepartmentId = d.Id
where (select count(distinct e2.name) from Employee as e2 where e1.salary<e2.salary and e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId)<3

二、dense_rank()函数
先组内排序，选出每组前三高的薪水，再连接Department表得出结果。

select d.name as Department, a.name as Empolyee, a.salary as Salary
from (select e.name,e.salary,e.DepartmentId,dense_rank()over(partition by DepartmentId order by salary desc) as 'newId'
from Employee as e) as a
join Department as d
on a.DepartmentId = d.Id
where a.newId<=3

三、自定义变量
先给每个部门内部的薪水高低排序的得出rank，再连接Department表得出部门名称，再连接Employee表找出排名前三的薪水和部门对应的员工。

select d.name as Department, e2.name as Employee, e2.salary as Salary
from (
    select ee.DepartmentId,ee.salary,
        case when @p = DepartmentId then @r := @r+1
            when @p:= DepartmentId then @r := 1
        end as 'rank'
    from (select @p:=null,@r:= 0)temp,
        (select DepartmentId, Salary from Employee group by DepartmentId,Salary order by DepartmentId, Salary desc)as ee
) as e1
join Department as d
on e1.DepartmentId = d.Id
join Employee as e2 
on e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId and e1.rank<=3 and e1.salary = e2.salary