Scala集合中运算符操作的区别总结

在Scala的集合操作中，会经常见到诸如：::,+:,:+等运算符的操作，掌握彼此之间的区别很重要：

下面是详细的示例：
（1）:: 符号：作用是向集合的头部添加元素

list.::(10)和10::list的作用是等价的。

object OperatorTest {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val list = List(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
    val list1 = list.::(10)
    println(list1.mkString(","))  //10,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
    
    val list2 = 10::list
    println(list2.mkString(","))  //10,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

  }

}

（2）:::符号 ：作用是向当前集合的头部添加一个新的集合

object OperatorTest {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val list = List(11,22,33,44,55,66,77)

    val list1 = list.:::(newList)
    println(list1.mkString(","))   //11,22,33,44,55,66,77,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

  }

}

（3）++符号：用于连接两个集合，即将另一个集合中的元素添加到当前集合的尾部

object OperatorTest {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val list1 = List(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
    val list2 = List(11,22,33,44,55,66,77)
    val newList = list1.++(list2)
    println(newList.mkString(","))  //1,2,3,4,5,6,7,11,22,33,44,55,66,77

  }

}

（4）+ ：将当前集合转换成字符串然后与传入的字符串进行拼接

object OperatorTest {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val list1 = List(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
    val list2 = List(11,22,33,44,55,66,77)
    val str: String = list1.+("hello")  //List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)hello
    println(str)

  }

}

（5）+： ：向集合的头部添加元素（与::作用一致）

object OperatorTest {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val list1 = List(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
    val list2 = List(11,22,33,44,55,66,77)
    val newList1 = list1.+:(100)
    val newList2 = 100 +: list1  //list要紧挨着：才行
    println(newList1.mkString(","))  //100,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
    println(newList2.mkString(","))  //100,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

  }

}

（6）:+ ：向集合的尾部添加元素

object OperatorTest {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val list1 = List(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
    val list2 = List(11,22,33,44,55,66,77)
    val newList1 = list1.:+(100)
    val newList2: List[Int] = list1 :+ 100
    println(newList1.mkString(","))  //1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100
    println(newList2.mkString(","))  //1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100

  }

}

（7）/: ：等价于foldLeft(z)(op)

object OperatorTest {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val list1 = List(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
    val value1 = list1./:(1)(_+_)    //等价于foldLeft(z)(op)
    val value2 = list1.foldLeft(1)(_+_)
    println(value1)  //29
    println(value2)  //29

  }

}

（8）:\ ：等价于foldRight(z)(op)

object OperatorTest {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val list1 = List(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
    val list2 = List(11,22,33,44,55,66,77)
    val value1 = list1.:\(1)(_-_)  //等价于foldRight(z)(op)
    val value2 = list1.foldRight(1)(_-_)
    println(value1)  //3
    println(value2)  //3

  }

}

（9）+ 号 ： 向Map中添加元素

object OperatorTest {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val map: Map[Int, String] = Map(1 -> "a",2 -> "b", 3 -> "c",5 -> "e")
    val newMap: Map[Int, String] = map.+(4 -> "d")
    println(newMap.mkString(","))  //5 -> e,1 -> a,2 -> b,3 -> c,4 -> d

  }

}