fastapi使用上下文管理db连接，不用来回传递db实例

1. 问题
   之前接口会通过depends依赖注入一个db连接实例，由于接口中调用了其他函数，用到了这个db,所以需要将db作为参数进行传递，但不够优雅，大体如下

from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, Path, Depends
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from services.mysql.bar import get_bar_by_id
from services.mysql.process_x import bar_process
from databases.mysql import get_db

router = APIRouter(prefix='/foo')


@router.get('/bar/{bar_id}')
def process_bar(bar_id: int = Path(..., title='The ID of the bar to process', ge=1),
                          mysql_session: Session = Depends(get_db)):
    # From the crontroller, to a service which only runs a query. This is fine.
    bar = get_bar_by_id(bar_id, mysql_session)

    if bar is None:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404,
                            detail='Bar not found for id: {bar_id}'.format(bar_id=bar_id))

    # This one calls a function in a service which has a lot of business logic but no queries
    processed_bar = bar_process(bar, mysql_session)

    return processed_bar

2. 改造，使用上下文管理器管理db

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker,Session
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from contextvars import ContextVar
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///db_test_3.db"
# SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db"

engine = create_engine(
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False})
# 仅适用于SQLite。其他数据库不需要。 链接参数：检查同一条线？ 即需要可多线程

# 通过sessionmaker得到一个类，一个能产生session的工厂。
SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=True, bind=engine) 
             # 会话生成器   自动提交            自动刷新,这个很重要，对于自增主键，在add后还没commit，只有将这个设置为True，才会拿到主键

def get_db():
    db: Session = SessionLocal()
    try:
        yield db
        db.commit()
    except Exception:
        db.rollback()
    finally:
        db.close()

db_session: ContextVar[Session] = ContextVar('db_session')

3. 注入db

from fastapi import FastAPI,Depends, Path
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from connection import get_db
from models import Student
from commonmethod import getvalue
from connection import db_session
import uvicorn
app = FastAPI()


@app.get('/test/{id}')
async def test(id:int=Path(...),db:Session=Depends(get_db)):
    db_session.set(db)
    stu = db.query(Student).filter(Student.id==id).first()
    addres = getvalue(stu)
    return stu

4. 在函数中使用db

from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from models import Address,Student
from connection import db_session
async def getvalue(stu:Student):
    context_aware_session = db_session.get() #主要是这句话
    value = context_aware_session.query(Address).filter(Address.student_id==stu.id).first()
    return value

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66464098/using-a-db-dependency-in-fastapi-without-having-to-pass-it-through-a-function-tr

https://python-dependency-injector.ets-labs.org/examples/fastapi-sqlalchemy.html