【OpenCV(C++)】寻找物体的凸包
凸包
凸包(Convex Hull)是一个计算几何(图形学)中常见的概念。即给定二维平面上的点集,凸包就是将最外层的点连接起来构成的凸多边形,它能包含点集中所有的点。
寻找凸包:convexHull()函数
void convexHull(
InputArray points,
OutputArray hull,
bool clockwise=fasle,
bool returnPoints=true) ;
程序:寻找和绘制物体的凸包
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图窗口】"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【效果图窗口】"
Mat g_srcImage; Mat g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 50;
int g_maxThresh = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
Mat srcImage_copy = g_srcImage.clone();
Mat g_thresholdImage_output;
vector<vector<Point> > g_vContours;
vector<Vec4i> g_vHierarchy;
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*);
void ShowHelpText();
int main()
{
g_srcImage = imread("a.jpg", 1);
cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, CV_BGR2GRAY);
blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));
namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
createTrackbar(" 阈值:", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_maxThresh, on_ThreshChange);
on_ThreshChange(0, 0);
waitKey(0);
return(0);
}
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*)
{
threshold(g_grayImage, g_thresholdImage_output, g_nThresh, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
findContours(g_thresholdImage_output, g_vContours, g_vHierarchy, CV_RETR_TREE, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
vector<vector<Point> >hull(g_vContours.size());
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
{
convexHull(Mat(g_vContours[i]), hull[i], false);
}
Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(g_thresholdImage_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
{
Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
drawContours(drawing, hull, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
}
imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}
运行效果如下:
使用多边形将轮廓包围
1.返回外部矩形边界:boundingRect()函数
Rect boundingRect(InputArray points)
2.寻找最小包围矩阵:minAreaRect()函数
RotatedRect minAreaRect (InputArray points)
3.寻找最小包围圆形:minEnclosingCircle()函数
void minEnclosingCircle(InputArray points, Point2f& center, float& radius)
4.用椭圆拟合二维点集:fitEllipse()函数
RotatedRect fitEllipse(InputArray points)
5.逼近多边形曲线:approxPolyDP()函数
void approxPolyDP(InputArray curve,
OutputArray approxCurve,
double epsilon,
bool closed)
程序:使用矩形和圆形包围轮廓
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图窗口】"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【效果图窗口】"
Mat g_srcImage;
Mat g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 50;
int g_nMaxThresh = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
void on_ContoursChange(int, void*);
int main()
{
g_srcImage = imread("a.jpg", 1);
if (!g_srcImage.data) { printf("读取图片错误,请确定目录下是否有imread函数指定的图片存在~! \n"); return false; }
cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, CV_BGR2GRAY);
blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));
namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);
createTrackbar(" 阈值:", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_nMaxThresh, on_ContoursChange);
on_ContoursChange(0, 0);
waitKey(0);
return(0);
}
void on_ContoursChange(int, void*)
{
Mat threshold_output;
vector<vector<Point>> contours;
vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;
threshold(g_grayImage, threshold_output, g_nThresh, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
findContours(threshold_output, contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_TREE, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
vector<vector<Point> > contours_poly(contours.size());
vector<Rect> boundRect(contours.size());
vector<Point2f>center(contours.size());
vector<float>radius(contours.size());
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
{
approxPolyDP(Mat(contours[i]), contours_poly[i], 3, true);
boundRect[i] = boundingRect(Mat(contours_poly[i]));
minEnclosingCircle(contours_poly[i], center[i], radius[i]);
}
Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(threshold_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
for (int unsigned i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
{
Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
drawContours(drawing, contours_poly, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
rectangle(drawing, boundRect[i].tl(), boundRect[i].br(), color, 2, 8, 0);
circle(drawing, center[i], (int)radius[i], color, 2, 8, 0);
}
namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}
运行效果如下: