【OpenCV（C++）】寻找物体的凸包

凸包

凸包（Convex Hull）是一个计算几何（图形学）中常见的概念。即给定二维平面上的点集，凸包就是将最外层的点连接起来构成的凸多边形，它能包含点集中所有的点。

寻找凸包：convexHull()函数

void convexHull(
InputArray points,
OutputArray hull,
bool clockwise=fasle,
bool returnPoints=true) ;

程序：寻找和绘制物体的凸包

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图窗口】"					
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【效果图窗口】"				

Mat g_srcImage; Mat g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 50;
int g_maxThresh = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
Mat srcImage_copy = g_srcImage.clone();
Mat g_thresholdImage_output;
vector<vector<Point> > g_vContours;
vector<Vec4i> g_vHierarchy;

void on_ThreshChange(int, void*);
void ShowHelpText();

int main()
{
	g_srcImage = imread("a.jpg", 1);

	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, CV_BGR2GRAY);
	blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));

	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);

	createTrackbar(" 阈值:", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_maxThresh, on_ThreshChange);
	on_ThreshChange(0, 0);

	waitKey(0);
	return(0);
}

void on_ThreshChange(int, void*)
{
	threshold(g_grayImage, g_thresholdImage_output, g_nThresh, 255, THRESH_BINARY);

	findContours(g_thresholdImage_output, g_vContours, g_vHierarchy, CV_RETR_TREE, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));

	vector<vector<Point> >hull(g_vContours.size());
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
	{
		convexHull(Mat(g_vContours[i]), hull[i], false);
	}

	Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(g_thresholdImage_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
	{
		Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
		drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
		drawContours(drawing, hull, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
	}

	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}

运行效果如下：

使用多边形将轮廓包围

1.返回外部矩形边界：boundingRect（）函数

Rect boundingRect(InputArray points)

2.寻找最小包围矩阵：minAreaRect（）函数

RotatedRect minAreaRect (InputArray points)

3.寻找最小包围圆形：minEnclosingCircle（）函数

void minEnclosingCircle(InputArray points, Point2f& center, float& radius)

4.用椭圆拟合二维点集：fitEllipse（）函数

RotatedRect fitEllipse(InputArray points)

5.逼近多边形曲线：approxPolyDP（）函数

void approxPolyDP(InputArray curve,
OutputArray approxCurve,
double epsilon,
bool closed)

程序：使用矩形和圆形包围轮廓

#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图窗口】"        
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【效果图窗口】"        

Mat g_srcImage;
Mat g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 50;
int g_nMaxThresh = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);

void on_ContoursChange(int, void*);

int main()
{
	g_srcImage = imread("a.jpg", 1);
	if (!g_srcImage.data) { printf("读取图片错误，请确定目录下是否有imread函数指定的图片存在~！ \n"); return false; }

	cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, CV_BGR2GRAY);
	blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));

	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);

	createTrackbar(" 阈值:", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_nMaxThresh, on_ContoursChange);
	on_ContoursChange(0, 0);

	waitKey(0);

	return(0);
}

void on_ContoursChange(int, void*)
{
	Mat threshold_output;
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;

	threshold(g_grayImage, threshold_output, g_nThresh, 255, THRESH_BINARY);

	findContours(threshold_output, contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_TREE, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));

	vector<vector<Point> > contours_poly(contours.size());
	vector<Rect> boundRect(contours.size());
	vector<Point2f>center(contours.size());
	vector<float>radius(contours.size());

	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		approxPolyDP(Mat(contours[i]), contours_poly[i], 3, true);
		boundRect[i] = boundingRect(Mat(contours_poly[i]));
		minEnclosingCircle(contours_poly[i], center[i], radius[i]);
	}

	Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(threshold_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (int unsigned i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
		drawContours(drawing, contours_poly, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
		rectangle(drawing, boundRect[i].tl(), boundRect[i].br(), color, 2, 8, 0);
		circle(drawing, center[i], (int)radius[i], color, 2, 8, 0);
	}

	namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}

运行效果如下：