设计模式：原型模式

一、解决什么问题？

1. 用于创建重复的对象，同时又能保证性能。

二、如何使用？

1. 首先定义一个User类，它必须实现了Cloneable接口，重写了clone()方法。

public class User implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Brother brother;

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

2. Brother类

public class Brother{
	private String name;
}

3. 应用演示类

public class PrototypeDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        User user1 = new User();
        user1.setName("秋红叶");
        user1.setAge(20);
        Brother brother1 = new Brother();
        brother1.setName("七夜圣君");
        user1.setBrother(brother1);
        // 我们从克隆对象user2中修改brother，看看是否会影响user1的brother
        User user2 = (User) user1.clone();
        user2.setName("燕赤霞");
        Brother brother2 = user2.getBrother();
        brother2.setName("唐钰小宝");
        System.out.println(user1);
        System.out.println(user2);
        System.out.println(user1.getBrother() == user2.getBrother());
    }
}

4. 深拷贝写法
   4.1 这是User类

public class User implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Brother brother;

	/**
	* 主要就是看这个重写的方法，需要将brother也进行clone
	*/
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        User user = (User) super.clone();
        user.brother = (Brother) this.brother.clone();
        return user;
    }
}

4.2 这是Brother类

public class Brother implements Cloneable{
    private String name;

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

4.3 这里是结果演示

public class PrototypeDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        User user1 = new User();
        user1.setName("秋红叶");
        user1.setAge(20);
        Brother brother1 = new Brother();
        brother1.setName("七夜圣君");
        user1.setBrother(brother1);
		// 我们从克隆对象user2中修改brother，看看是否会影响user1的brother
        User user2 = (User) user1.clone();
        user2.setName("燕赤霞");
        Brother brother2 = user2.getBrother();
        brother2.setName("唐钰小宝");
        System.out.println(user1);
        System.out.println(user2);
        System.out.println(user1.getBrother() == user2.getBrother());
    }
}

4.4 可以看到，user1的brother没有受到user2的影响，深拷贝成功！
4.5 图解深拷贝与浅拷贝

三、总结与思考

1. java中object类的clone()方法为浅拷贝
2. 必须实现Cloneable接口
3. 如果想要实现深拷贝，则需要重写clone()方法