Py OOP思考题

• 目录

1. 思考题
2. super()函数

• 思考题
  

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

class Bird():
    def __init__(self):
        self.hungry = True
        
    def eat(self):
        if self.hungry:
            print(1)
        else:
            print(0)
            
# =============================================================================
# class Abird(Bird):
#     def __init__(self):
#         Bird.__init__(self)
#         self.sound = 'aa'
#     
#     def sing(self):
#         print(self.sound)
#         
# class Cbird(Bird):
#     def __init__(self):
#         Bird.__init__(self)
#         self.sound = 'cc'
#         
#     def sing(self):
#         print(self.sound)
#         
# class Dbird(Abird, Cbird):
#     def __init__(self):
#         Abird.__init__(self)
#         Cbird.__init__(self)
#         self.sound = 'dd'
#     
#     def sing(self):
#         print(self.sound)
# =============================================================================
        
class Abird(Bird):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Abird, self).__init__()
        self.sound = 'aa'
    
    def sing(self):
        print(self.sound)
        
class Cbird(Bird):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Cbird, self).__init__()
        self.sound = 'cc'
        
    def sing(self):
        print(self.sound)
        
class Dbird(Abird, Cbird):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Abird, self).__init__()
        super(Cbird, self).__init__()
        self.sound = 'dd'
                
    def sing(self):
        print(self.sound)

        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    d = Dbird()
    print(d.eat())
    print(d.hungry)
    print(d.sing())
    print(d.sound)
    

1. 菱形继承潜在的问题：一个基类的初始化函数可能被调用两次。在一般的工程中，这显然不是我们所希望的。正确的做法应该是使用 super 来召唤父类的构造函数，而且 python 使用一种叫做方法解析顺序的算法（具体实现算法叫做 C3），来保证一个类只会被初始化一次。
2. 看答案后重新整理

class A(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print('enter A')
        print('leave A')
        
class B(A):
    def __init__(self):
        A.__init__(self)
        print('enter B')
        print('leave B')
        
class C(A):
    def __init__(self):
        A.__init__(self)
        print('enter C')
        print('leave C')
        
class D(B, C):
    def __init__(self):
        B.__init__(self)
        C.__init__(self)
        print('enter D')
        print('leave D')
D()
enter A
leave A
enter B
leave B
enter A
leave A
enter C
leave C
enter D
leave D

3. 继承的MRO问题

# MRO 测试：Python3唯一支持的方式-C3算法
# 延用从左至右的深度优先遍历，但是如果遍历中出现重复的类，只保留最后一个
class D(object): pass

class E(object): pass

class F(object): pass

class B(D, E): pass

class C(D, F): pass

class A(B, C): pass

A.__mro__
Out[25]: 
(__main__.A,
 __main__.B,
 __main__.C,
 __main__.D,
 __main__.E,
 __main__.F,
 object)

class A(object): pass

class B(A): pass

class C(A): pass

class D(B, C): pass

D.__mro__
Out[30]: (__main__.D, __main__.B, __main__.C, __main__.A, object)

• super()函数
  解决多继承，涉及到的查找顺序（MRO）、重复调用（钻石继承）等种种问题。
  Tips: 当需要调用继承类中的多个函数时，需使用cls._init_(self)