C++继承 类的构造顺序

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base1 {//基类Base1，构造函数有参数
public:
    Base1(int i) 
  { cout << "Constructing Base1 " << i << endl; }
};

class Base2 {//基类Base2，构造函数有参数
public:
    Base2(int j) 
  { cout << "Constructing Base2 " << j << endl; }
};

class Base3 {//基类Base3，构造函数无参数
public:
    Base3() 
  { cout << "Constructing Base3 *" << endl; }
};

class Derived: public Base2, public Base1, public Base3 {
public: 
    Derived(int a, int b, int c, int d): Base1(a), member2(d), member1(c), Base2(b)
  //继承类的初始化以及成员的初始化按照排列顺序来执行
    { }
private:
    Base1 member1;
    Base2 member2;
    Base3 member3;
};

int main() {
    Derived obj(1, 2, 3, 4);
    return 0;
}
// Constructing Base2 2
// Constructing Base1 1
// Constructing Base3 *
// Constructing Base1 3
// Constructing Base2 4
// Constructing Base3 *

当多重继承时，先按顺序调用父类构造器，再按顺序调用组合成员构造器。

class Derived: public Base2, public Base1, public Base3 {
public: 
    Derived(int a, int b, int c, int d): Base1(a), member2(d), member1(c), Base2(b)
  //继承类的初始化以及成员的初始化按照排列顺序来执行
    { }
private:
    Base1 member1;
    Base2 member2;
    Base3 member3;
};

可以看出，Derived类先是继承了Base2，Base1，Base3 ，所以得先构造以上三个继承类的基类，顺序为Base2，Base1，Base3 ，和继承数据一致。初始化完了父类对象后,则是初始化组合成员对象。按照成员声明来初始化

private:
    Base1 member1;
    Base2 member2;
    Base3 member3;
};

另外一提：析构函数的调用顺序和构造是反的。如先析构父类对象，自右向左。再析构组合对象，自下向上。