设计模式之装饰者模式

一，定义与类型

在不改变原有对象的基础之上，将功能附加到对象上
提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案
类型：结构型

二，适用场景

1.扩展一个类的功能或给一个类添加附加职责
2.动态的给一个对象添加功能，也可动态撤销

三，优点：

1.比继承灵活，不改变原有对象给一个对象扩展功能
2.通过使用不同装饰类以及这些装饰类的排列组合，实现不同效果
3.符合开闭原则

四，缺点：

出现更多的代码，更多的类，增加程序复杂性
动态装饰时，多层装饰会复杂

五，代码演练：

模拟场景：买煎饼加肠加蛋
在不使用装饰者模式
1.Battercake

public class Battercake {
    protected String getDesc(){
        return "煎饼";
    }
    protected int cost(){
        return 8;
    }
}

2.BattercakeWithEgg

public class BattercakeWithEgg extends Battercake {
    @Override
    public String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc()+"加一个鸡蛋";
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return super.cost()+1;
    }
}

3.BattercakeWithEggSausage

public class BattercakeWithEggSausage extends BattercakeWithEgg{
    @Override
    public String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc()+"加一个香肠";
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return super.cost()+2;
    }
}

4.Test

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Battercake battercak=new Battercake();
        System.out.println(battercak.getDesc()+"  销售价格："+battercak.cost());

        BattercakeWithEgg battercakeWithEgg=new BattercakeWithEgg();
        System.out.println(battercakeWithEgg.getDesc()+"  销售价格："+battercakeWithEgg.cost());

        BattercakeWithEggSausage battercakeWithEggSausage=new BattercakeWithEggSausage();
        System.out.println(battercakeWithEggSausage.getDesc()+"  销售价格："+battercakeWithEggSausage.cost());
    }
}

弊端：无法适应变化的需求

装饰者模式改进

1.ABattercake

public abstract class ABattercake {
    protected abstract String getDesc();
    protected abstract int cost();
}

2.Battercake

public class Battercake extends ABattercake {
    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return "煎饼";
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return 8;
    }
}

3.AbstractDecorator

public abstract class AbstractDecorator extends ABattercake {
    private ABattercake aBattercake;

    public AbstractDecorator(ABattercake aBattercake) {
        this.aBattercake = aBattercake;
    }

    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return this.aBattercake.getDesc();
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return this.aBattercake.cost();
    }
}

4.EggDecorator

public class EggDecorator  extends AbstractDecorator{

    public EggDecorator(ABattercake aBattercake) {
        super(aBattercake);
    }

    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc()+"加一个鸡蛋";
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return super.cost()+1;
    }
}

5.SausageDecorator

public   class SausageDecorator extends AbstractDecorator {
    public SausageDecorator(ABattercake aBattercake) {
        super(aBattercake);
    }

    @Override
    protected String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc()+"加一个香肠";
    }

    @Override
    protected int cost() {
        return super.cost()+2;
    }
}

6.Test

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ABattercake aBattercake;
        aBattercake=new Battercake();
        aBattercake=new EggDecorator(aBattercake);
        aBattercake=new EggDecorator(aBattercake);
        aBattercake=new SausageDecorator(aBattercake);
        System.out.println(aBattercake.getDesc()+" 销售价格"+aBattercake.cost());
    }
}

六，源码：

io流：FileInputStream等等
Spring:TransactionAwareCacheDecorator
ServletRequest
Mybatis:Cache下decorators包