2024-简单点-如何给类对象排序

1. 使用lambda匿名函数

>>> class Student:
	 def __init__(self, name, grade, age):
		 self.name = name
		 self.grade = grade
		 self.age = age
	 def __repr__(self):
 		return repr((self.name, self.grade, self.age))
 >>> student_objects = [ Student('john', 'A', 15),Student('jane', 'B', 12),Student('dave', 'B', 10),]
 >>> sorted(student_objects, key=lambda student: student.age) # sort by age
 [('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]

2. 使用operator库中的attrgetter

 >>> sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('grade', 'age'))
 [('john', 'A', 15), ('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12)]
 
 >>> sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('age'))
 [('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]

 sorted(student_objects, key=attrgetter('age'), reverse=True)
 [('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]

3. functools中的total_ordering自定义排序顺序

 >>> Student.__lt__ = lambda self, other: self.age < other.age
 >>> sorted(student_objects)
 [('dave', 'B', 10), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('john', 'A', 15)]

不过，请注意<在__lt__()未被实现时可以回退为使用__gt__()(请参阅object.lt()
了解相关机制的细节)。为避免意外，PEP8建议实现所有的六个比较方法。total_ordering()
装饰器被提供用来令此任务更为容易。

from functools import total_ordering

@total_ordering
class MyComparableClass:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
    
    def __eq__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, MyComparableClass):
            return self.value == other.value
        return NotImplemented
    
    def __lt__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, MyComparableClass):
            return self.value < other.value
        return NotImplemented

# 现在 MyComparableClass 实例可以使用所有比较运算符
a = MyComparableClass(5)
b = MyComparableClass(10)
c = MyComparableClass(5)

print(a < b)  # 输出: True
print(a == b) # 输出: False
print(a > c)  # 输出: False
print(a <= c) # 输出: True