享元模式(结构型)
享元模式(Flyweight Pattern)主要用于减少创建对象的数量,以减少内存占用和提高性能。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式,它提供了减少对象数量从而改善应用所需的对象结构的方式。
享元模式尝试重用现有的同类对象,如果未找到匹配的对象,则创建新对象。
精髓就是维护一个字典
单例模式下,实例化一个类就会生成一个新的对象
享元模式下,实例化一个类且相同参数最多只会生成一个对象
import weakref
class Card(object):
"""The object pool. Has builtin reference counting
使用弱引用,不会增加对象的引用计数"""
_CardPool = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
"""Flyweight implementation. If the object exists in the
pool just return it (instead of creating a new one)"""
def __new__(cls, value, suit):
obj = Card._CardPool.get(value + suit, None)
if not obj:
obj = object.__new__(cls)
Card._CardPool[value + suit] = obj
obj.value, obj.suit = value, suit
return obj
# def __init__(self, value, suit):
# self.value, self.suit = value, suit
def __repr__(self):
return "<Card: %s%s>" % (self.value, self.suit)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# comment __new__ and uncomment __init__ to see the difference
c1 = Card('9', 'h')
c2 = Card('9', 'h')
print(c1, c2)
print(c1 == c2)
print(id(c1), id(c2))