一、单体后台环境搭建
1.新建maven的web项目
2.配置Tomcat并启动项目
3.集成ssm
pom.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.itast</groupId>
<artifactId>crm01</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!-- spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- mybatis版本号 -->
<mybatis.version>3.2.1</mybatis.version>
<!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->
<slf4j.version>1.7.2</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<!-- jackson包版本 -->
<jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--JUnit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--Spring核心-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--SpringMVC-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--aop依赖包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
<artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<!--文件上传-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--jackson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--数据库连接池-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-pool</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>
<version>1.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--Mybatis集成-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--log4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--slf4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--数据库连接驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.46</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSTL标签类 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--servlet-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>crm01</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
jdbc.properties配置
jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql:///crm
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
log4j.properties配置
log4j.rootLogger=ERROR, stdout
#log4j.rootLogger=NONE
log4j.logger.cn.itcast=TRACE
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
web.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!-- Spring的配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--Spring监听器 ApplicationContext 载入 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Spring MVC 核心配置开始 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
applicationContext.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.crm01.service"/>
<!-- Jdbc配置文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<!-- 数据源dataSource -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>
<!--Mybatis核心对象-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!-- 配置mybatis (mapper)映射器路径 -->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:cn/itcast/crm01/mapper/*Mapper.xml" />
<!-- 配置mybatis 类型别名 -->
<property name="typeAliasesPackage">
<value>
cn.itcast.crm01.domain
Cn.itcast.crm01.query
</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!--注入映射器,一劳永逸的做法-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="cn.itcast.crm01.mapper"></property>
</bean>
<!--事务管理-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!--以注解的方式进行事务管理-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
applicationContext-mvc.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描该包,使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.crm01.web.controller" />
<!-- 启动SpringMVC的注解功能 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--静态资源放行-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ,视图解析器配置-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置文件上传解析器 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!-- 默认编码 -->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" />
<!-- 文件大小最大值 -->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760000" />
</bean>
</beans>
mapper的xml文件,这里是EmployeeMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.itcast.crm01.mapper.DepartmentMapper">
<select id="findAll" resultType="Department">
select * from department
</select>
</mapper>
二、后台环境搭建
抽取base
1.抽取BaseDomain
public class BaseDomain {
private Long id;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
抽取BaseMapper
public interface BaseMapper<T> {
//新增
void save(T t);
//修改
void update(T t);
//删除
void delete(Serializable id);
//查询
List<T> findAll();
//查询一条数据
T findOne(Serializable id);
}
抽取BaseService和BaseServiceImpl
public interface BaseService<T> {
//新增
void save(T t);
//修改
void update(T t);
//删除
void delete(Serializable id);
//查询
List<T> findAll();
//查询一条数据
T findOne(Serializable id);
}
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS,readOnly = false)
public class BaseServiceImpl<T> implements BaseService<T> {
@Autowired
private BaseMapper<T> baseMapper;
@Override
public void save(T t) {
baseMapper.save(t);
}
@Override
public void update(T t) {
baseMapper.update(t);
}
@Override
public void delete(Serializable id) {
baseMapper.delete(id);
}
@Override
public List<T> findAll() {
return baseMapper.findAll();
}
@Override
public T findOne(Serializable id) {
return baseMapper.findOne(id);
}
}
三、ssm+maven多模块开发
1.为什么需要多模块?
随着项目的进行,我们可能遇到下面一系列的问题:
(1) 大部分的domain或者一些service以及mapper在多个项目中是通用的
(2) Pom.xml中的依赖越来越长
(3) Build整个项目的时间越来越长,尽管你只是一直在web层工作,但是不得不build整个项目
(4) 某个模块,比如mapper,你只想让一些经验丰富的人来维护,但是现在每个开发者都能修改这个模块,这导致关键模块的代码质量达不到你的要求
一个大项目拆分为多个小项目(maven模块)组成,而且它们是有依赖关系的.
2.写代码的时候,尽量满足下面的要求
2.1.开闭原则:
对扩展开发
对修改关闭 – 一些公共的内容
2.2.低耦合 高内聚
低耦合: 模块和模块直接,类和类之间 耦合度要低
高内聚: 指的类里面的方法,它应该达到高内聚的效率
save -->保存的使用 代码30-40行
优雅–代码之美
3.多模块搭建
模块名 | 放哪些内容 |
---|---|
basic-util | 工具类:Ajaxresult PageList StringUtils |
basic-core | basedomain baseService baseMapper baseServiceImpl |
crm_comomon | domain query |
crm_mapper | DepartmentMapper.java |
crm_service | DepartmentService DepartmentServiceImpl |
crm_web | DepartmentController |
4.引用关系
模块 | 引用哪个模块 |
---|---|
crm_web | crm_service |
crm_service | crm_mapper |
crm_mapper | crm_common |
crm_web | crm_service |
crm_common | basic_core |
basic_core | basic_util |
5.配置文件
配置文件 | 存放位置 |
---|---|
web.xml、applicationContext-mvc.xml | crm_web |
applicationContext.xml | crm_service |
db.properties、log4j.properties | crm_service/crm_mapper |
6.导入的jar包
位置 | jar包 |
---|---|
crm_parent | 公共的jar包,主要是spring的包 |
crm_web | spring-web spring-webmvc |
crm_service | 引用crm_mapper |
crm_mapper | mybatis dbcp 等 |
四、restfull风格
1.为什么需要restfull风格?
以前我们在发送的请求 常用 get/post, 但是现在发送请求,就要增加 delete/put/options
以前发送请求:
删除: get(post) /deleteProduct?id=1 (动作+资源在一起)
现在删除: --restfull的风格 好处:不会暴露资源
delete(动作) (/product/1 资源) -->动作+资源
前后端分离的项目:
采用restful的风格来交互,使用json来传递数据
2.什么是restfull风格?
restful风格它是http协议扩展 是以资源为核心,通过url定位资源,通过不同请求方式表示操作.(PUT-add,POST-update,DELET-del,GET-获取或查询,PATCH,HEAD,OPTION)
put – 新增 (修改)
post --修改(新增)
get --查询
delete --删除
patch --查询
head --头信息(不用)
举例:
package cn.itcast.crm.web.controller;
import cn.itcast.basic.util.AjaxResult;
import cn.itcast.crm.domain.Department;
import cn.itcast.crm.service.DepartmentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/department")
public class DepartmentController {
@Autowired
private DepartmentService departmentService;
private AjaxResult result=null;
@RequestMapping(value="/list",method = RequestMethod.PATCH)
@ResponseBody
public List<Department> list(){
return departmentService.findAll();
}
//新增
@RequestMapping(value="/save",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
@ResponseBody
public AjaxResult add(@RequestBody Department department){
try {
departmentService.save(department);
result= new AjaxResult(true,"操作成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
result= new AjaxResult(false,"操作失败");
}
return result;
}
//删除
@RequestMapping(value="/delete/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
@ResponseBody
public AjaxResult delete(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
try {
departmentService.delete(id);
result= new AjaxResult(true,"删除成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
result= new AjaxResult(false,"删除失败");
}
return result;
}
//查询一个
@RequestMapping(value="/findOne/{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Department findOne(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
System.out.println(id);
return departmentService.findOne(id);
}
//修改
@RequestMapping(value="/update",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public AjaxResult update(@RequestBody Department department){
try {
departmentService.update(department);
result= new AjaxResult(true,"修改成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
result= new AjaxResult(false,"修改失败");
}
return result;
}
}
五、前后端分离之后端crud的实现
1.接口(controller)的实现
与上面restfull风格的举例代码一致
2.接口规范swagger
2.1.为什么需要swagger?
2.1.1.接口测试人员要通过接口描述测试接口 --黑盒测试
2.1.2.前端开发人员要通过接口描述使用接口.
2.2.实现
第一步,在全局的pom.xml里面加入以下代码:
<properties>
<!--swagger的版本号-->
<springfox.version>2.4.0</springfox.version>
</properties>
第二步,在crm_web里面的pom.xml里面加入以下代码:
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>${springfox.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>${springfox.version}</version>
</dependency>
第三步,写一个配置类,扫描controller,生成文档
@Configuration //相当于写了spring配置 applicationContext.xml
@EnableWebMvc //开启webmvc
@EnableSwagger2 //开启swagger
//扫描个包下面controller来生成接口描述
@ComponentScan(basePackages="cn.itcast.crm.web.controller")
public class SwaggerConfig {
//<bean class=""></bean>
@Bean
public Docket api(){
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(this.apiInfo())
.select()
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("cn.itcast.crm.web.controller"))
.paths(PathSelectors.any())
.build();
}
//描述信息
private ApiInfo apiInfo(){
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
ApiInfo info=new ApiInfo(
"itsource20190924crud测试",
"一个完成crud",
"v1",
"http://www.itsource.cn",
"zytest",
"apache",
"http://www.itsource.cn");
return info;
}
}
第四步,扫描该配置类
applicationContext-mvc.xml里面加入以下代码:
<!--扫描swagger的配置-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.crm.web.config" />
第五步,启动测试
http://localhost/swagger-ui.html
3.接口测试
3.1.什么是postman?
就是一个工具,可以来发送各种http请求,可以用它来测试http协议接口.
postman就是httm协议接口测试工具
3.2.安装、注册和登录
略
3.3.测试接口
六、前后端分离之前端crud的实现
1.vue-element-admin
1.1.下载
模板源代码下载:
https://github.com/PanJiaChen/vue-element-admin
1.2.安装运行
npm install
npm run dev
1.3.node-saas安装 --解决方案:
第一步:npm install -g node-gyp
第二步: npm uninstall node-sass
第三步:npm install node-sass