python matplotlib的 quiver和 quiverkey 画风场 使用介绍

quiver 使用介绍

1 quiver官网例子

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

X = np.arange(-10, 10, 1)
Y = np.arange(-10, 10, 1)
U, V = np.meshgrid(X, Y)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
q = ax.quiver(X, Y, U, V)
ax.quiverkey(q, X = 0.1, Y = 0.1, U=10,
             label = r'Quiver key, length = 10', labelpos='E')

plt.show()

2 quiver 和 quiverkey参数实例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig1,ax1 = plt.subplots(1,1,figsize = (10,6))

X = np.arange(-10, 10, 1)
Y = np.arange(-10, 10, 1)
U, V = np.meshgrid(X, Y)

font = {'family' : 'serif',
        'weight' : 'normal',
        'size'   : 16,
        }

##画出风速
h1 = ax1.quiver(X,Y,U,V,     #X,Y,U,V 确定位置和对应的风速
                width = 0.003, #箭杆箭身宽度
                scale = 100,    # 箭杆长度,参数scale越小箭头越长
                )  

#画出风场，和箭头箭轴后，得说明 箭轴长度与风速的对应关系
#调用quiver可以生成 参考箭头 + label。
ax1.quiverkey(h1,                      #传入quiver句柄
              X=0.09, Y = 0.051,       #确定 label 所在位置，都限制在[0,1]之间
              U = 5,                    #参考箭头长度 表示风速为5m/s。
              angle = 0,            #参考箭头摆放角度。默认为0，即水平摆放
             label='v:5m/s',        #箭头的补充：label的内容  + 
             labelpos='S',          #label在参考箭头的哪个方向; S表示南边
             color = 'b',labelcolor = 'b', #箭头颜色 + label的颜色
             fontproperties = font,        #label 的字体设置：大小，样式，weight
             )      

#由于风有U\V两个方向，最好设置两个方向的参考箭头 + label
ax1.quiverkey(h1, X=0.07, Y = 0.071,   
              U = 5, 
              angle = 90,           #参考箭头摆放角度，90即垂直摆放    
              label = 'w:5cm/s',    #label内容
              labelpos='N',         #label在参考箭头的北边
              color = 'r',          #箭头颜色
              labelcolor = 'r',     #label颜色
              fontproperties = font)

##虽然也可以用plt.text来设置label和箭头，但是会比较繁琐。

2.1 quiver常用参数

• width参数：决定箭头箭轴宽度。

• scale参数：决定箭杆长度

其他的参数可以查看 ax.quiver? 进行查看。也可以参考 博客python matplotlib quiver——画箭头、风场，有比较详细的中文解释。

2.2 quiverkey参数介绍

• Call signature::
  
    quiverkey(Q, X, Y, U, label, **kw)
  
  Arguments:
  
    *Q*:
      The Quiver instance returned by a call to quiver.
  
    *X*, *Y*:
      The location of the key; additional explanation follows.
  
    *U*:
      The length of the key
  
    *label*:
      A string with the length and units of the key
  
  Keyword arguments:
  
    *angle* = 0
      The angle of the key arrow. Measured in degrees anti-clockwise from the
      x-axis.
  
    *coordinates* = [ 'axes' | 'figure' | 'data' | 'inches' ]
      Coordinate system and units for *X*, *Y*: 'axes' and 'figure' are
      normalized coordinate systems with 0,0 in the lower left and 1,1
      in the upper right; 'data' are the axes data coordinates (used for
      the locations of the vectors in the quiver plot itself); 'inches'
      is position in the figure in inches, with 0,0 at the lower left
      corner.
  
    *color*:
      overrides face and edge colors from *Q*.
  
    *labelpos* = [ 'N' | 'S' | 'E' | 'W' ]
      Position the label above, below, to the right, to the left of the
      arrow, respectively.
  
    *labelsep*:
      Distance in inches between the arrow and the label.  Default is
      0.1
  
    *labelcolor*:
      defaults to default :class:`~matplotlib.text.Text` color.
  
    *fontproperties*:
      A dictionary with keyword arguments accepted by the
      :class:`~matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties` initializer:
      *family*, *style*, *variant*, *size*, *weight*
  
  Any additional keyword arguments are used to override vector
  properties taken from *Q*.
  
  The positioning of the key depends on *X*, *Y*, *coordinates*, and
  *labelpos*.  If *labelpos* is 'N' or 'S', *X*, *Y* give the position
  of the middle of the key arrow.  If *labelpos* is 'E', *X*, *Y*
  positions the head, and if *labelpos* is 'W', *X*, *Y* positions the
  tail; in either of these two cases, *X*, *Y* is somewhere in the
  middle of the arrow+label key object.
  

上面的代码生成图如下：

[1] 官网例子

[2] 博客python matplotlib quiver——画箭头、风场